Genetics
28 entries in the Genetics compendium.
AlleleVariant DNA sequences at a locus shaping inheritance and traits.CRISPRProkaryotic DNA sequences enabling adaptive immunity and genome editing.Central dogma of molecular biologyInformation flows from nucleic acid to protein, not back—except when it flows from RNA to ChromatinDNA–protein complex that packages and regulates genetic material.Chromosomal translocationChromosomal translocation alters genome structure, affecting health.Chromosome abnormalityChromosomal abnormalities involve missing, extra, or rearranged DNA.Cloning vectorDNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host.Complementary DNADNA reverse transcribed from RNA for research and viral replication.DNA ligaseEnzyme that joins DNA strands by catalyzing phosphodiester bond formation.DNA polymeraseEnzymes that synthesize DNA, essential for replication and PCR.DNA repairProcesses by which cells identify and correct DNA damage.DNA replicationEssential process for copying DNA in all organisms.DNA sequencingDetermining the order of nucleotides in DNA.Dominance (genetics)One allele masks another's effect in a heterozygous genotype.Enhancer (genetics)Short DNA region that boosts gene transcription via activator proteins.EpigeneticsStudy of heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration.EpigenomeChemical changes to DNA and histones regulating gene expression.EpigenomicsStudy of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the epigenome.ExonExons are gene segments that form mature RNA after splicing.Expression vectorA vector for introducing and expressing genes in cells.Extranuclear inheritanceInheritance of genes outside the nucleus, via organelles or parasites.Gene expressionProcess by which genes produce functional products.Genetic codeRules translating nucleotide triplets into proteins.Genetic diversityGenetic diversity is the total genetic variation within a species.Genetic driftRandom change in allele frequencies across generations.Gene flowGene flow transfers genetic material between populations, reducing divergence.Genetic admixtureInterbreeding of isolated populations produces mixed genetic ancestry.Founder effectLoss of genetic variation from a small founding population.
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