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Bohrium

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Very few properties of bohrium or its compounds have been measured due to its extremely limited production and rapid decay.[1] Bohrium is not found in nature and lacks any stable isotopes.[2]

Quick Facts

Atomic number
107
Named after
Niels Bohr

Facts from the source article.

Key facts and history

In 1981, a German team at GSI in Darmstadt bombarded bismuth-209 with chromium-54 to produce five atoms of bohrium-262.[3] This discovery was substantiated by detailed measurements of the alpha decay chain to previously known isotopes of fermium and californium.[4] The name bohrium for element 107 was recognized internationally in 1997.[5] A Soviet team under Yuri Oganessian first reported evidence of bohrium in 1976, using chromium-54 and manganese-55 nuclei to bombard bismuth-209 and lead-208 targets.[6]

The experiment detected two distinct activities: one lasting one to two milliseconds and another with a half-life of about five seconds.[6] To honor physicist Niels Bohr, the German group proposed the name nielsbohrium (symbol Ns) in September 1992.[7] The IUPAC temporarily assigned the systematic name unnilseptium to element 107, and in 1994 recommended the name bohrium instead of nielsbohrium.[8] Reported bohrium isotopes have atomic masses of 260–262, 264–267, 270–272, 274, and 278, totaling twelve distinct isotopes.[2]

What the research sources say

The Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry states that the most proton-rich bohrium isotopes with masses 260, 261, and 262 were directly produced by cold fusion.[9][10] The Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry gives half-lives of bohrium isotopes ranging from about ten milliseconds for 262m Bh to about one minute for 270 Bh and 274 Bh.[9][10] Isotopes 272 Bh, 271 Bh, and 270 Bh can be readily produced as daughters of more easily produced moscovium and nihonium isotopes.[11][12] The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements states that heavier bohrium isotopes with longer half-lives, created as decay products of heavier elements, are beneficial for future radiochemical studies.[11][12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Subramanian, "Making New Elements Doesn't Pay. Just Ask This Berkeley Scientist", Bloomberg Businessweek, 2019 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sonzogni, Alejandro, "Interactive Chart of Nuclides", Brookhaven National Laboratory (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Münzenberg, "Identification of element 107 by α correlation chains", Zeitschrift für Physik A, 1981, p. 107–8 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Barber, R. C., "Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: Introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1993, p. 1757 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, "Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1997, p. 2471–2474; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Yu, "On spontaneous fission of neutron-deficient isotopes of elements", Nuclear Physics A, 1976, p. 505–522 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ghiorso, "Responses on 'Discovery of the transfermium elements' by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, California; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; and Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt followed by r (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, "Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1997, p. 2471–2474; Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, "Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997)", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1997, p. 2471–2474; "Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1994, p. 2419–2421 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Münzenberg, "Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry: Production and Identification of Transactinide Elements", 2011, p. 877 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Open Library record, ISBN 9781441907196 ("Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
  11. Wikipedia, "Bohrium" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Moody, "The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements", Springer Science & Business Media, 2013-11-30, p. 24–8 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  12. Open Library record, ISBN 9783642374661 ("Chemistry of Superheavy Elements"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Bohrium (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

Related entries

Superheavy element, Group 7 element, Rhenium

More in Periodic Table & Elements

BerkeliumAmericiumSynthetic elementMoscoviumZincYttriumYtterbiumVanadiumUraniumTitaniumThoriumTerbium

Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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