K1810VM86
Soviet clone of the Intel 8086, widely used in Eastern Bloc computers.
The K1810VM86 (К1810ВМ86) is a Soviet 16-bit microprocessor that functions as a direct clone of the Intel 8086, matching it in both binary code and pin layout. Development ran from 1982 to 1985. The initial version operated at up to 5 MHz, while a later variant, the K1810VM86M (К1810ВМ86M), allowed speeds up to 8 MHz, corresponding to the Intel 8086-2. The chip came in two package types: a plastic 40-pin dual in-line package (designated KR1810VM86 / КР1810ВМ86) and a ceramic 40-pin dual in-line package (with the commercial version labeled KM1810VM86 / КМ1810ВМ86 and the military version as M1810VM86 / М1810ВМ86). A clone of the Intel 8088, which uses an 8-bit data bus, was also produced as the K1810VM88 (К1810ВМ88), available in both plastic and ceramic packages.
Fabrication used an n-MOS process. The chip family included several support chips, though only plastic DIP variants (prefix КР) are typically listed; ceramic DIP versions (prefix КМ for commercial and М for military) also existed. Many devices from the K580 series could be used alongside the K1810 series.
Unlike the earlier KR580VM80A, which saw limited use outside the Soviet Union, the K1810VM86 became widespread across the Eastern Bloc. It was one of the first 16-bit microprocessors available there and the only one with an x86 instruction set, enabling it to run MS-DOS. Personal computers built on the K1810VM86 or its 8-bit bus variant, the K1810VM88, included the Iskra-502, Iskra-1030, Iskra-1130, and Poisk in the Soviet Union; the Mazovia 1016 in Poland; the PP 01.16 in Czechoslovakia; and the A7100, A7150, and EC1834 in East Germany.
Later CMOS versions, equivalent to the Intel 80C86, were developed: the KR1834VM86 (КР1834ВМ86), created in Kiev in 1989 or 1990 and later manufactured in Minsk, and the KR1835VM86 (КР1835ВМ86). The original KR1810VM86 remained on the price list of the Kvazar plant in Kyiv as of 1 July 2026, alongside various K580 and K1810 support chips, while the newer CMOS versions appear discontinued. A clone of the Intel 80C286, the KR1847VM286 (КР1847ВМ286), was produced but saw little use. No other Soviet x86 processors were designed until much later, when the 1875VD1T (1875ВД1Т, equivalent to the Intel 80C186) and 1875VD2T (1875ВД2Т, equivalent to the Intel 80386EXTB) appeared.
Quick Facts
- Slowest
- 2
- Slow-Unit
- MHz
- Fastest
- 8
- Arch
- x86-16
- Predecessor
- KR580VM80A
Facts from the source article.
Lore & Background
The K1810VM86 was developed between 1982 and 1985 as a Soviet clone of the Intel 8086. The original version supported a clock frequency of up to 5 MHz, while the later K1810VM86M allowed up to 8 MHz, corresponding to the Intel 8086-2. It was manufactured using an n-MOS process and came in both plastic and ceramic 40-pin dual in-line packages. The family included support chips such as the KR1810VM86 in plastic DIP, with ceramic variants designated KM1810VM86 (commercial) and M1810VM86 (military). Additionally, many devices from the K580 series could be used with the K1810 series.
Reader's Guide
Unlike the earlier KR580VM80A, which was popular in the Soviet Union but little used elsewhere, the K1810VM86 saw widespread use throughout the Eastern Bloc. It was one of the first 16-bit microprocessors available there and the only one with an x86 instruction set, enabling it to run MS-DOS. Personal computers built on the K1810VM86 or its 8-bit bus variant K1810VM88 included the Iskra-502, Iskra-1030, Iskra-1130, and Poisk in the Soviet Union; the Mazovia 1016 in Poland; the PP 01.16 in Czechoslovakia; and the A7100, A7150, and EC1834 in East Germany. CMOS versions equivalent to the Intel 80C86 were later developed as the KR1834VM86 and KR1835VM86, but the original KR1810VM86 remained in production as of 1 July 2026 at the Kvazar plant in Kyiv, while the CMOS versions appeared to be no longer in production. A clone of the Intel 80C286, the KR1847VM286, was manufactured but did not see widespread use. No other x86 processors were designed in the Soviet Union until much later, with the 1875VD1T (equivalent to the Intel 80C186) and 1875VD2T (equivalent to the Intel 80386EXTB).
Did You Know?
- The K1810VM86 is binary and pin compatible with the Intel 8086.
- The later K1810VM86M supported clock speeds up to 8 MHz.
- It was manufactured in both plastic (KR1810VM86) and ceramic (KM1810VM86, M1810VM86) packages.
- The K1810VM86 was used in personal computers across the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany.
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