Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by gallstones.
Last updated
Nephron · CC BY-SA 3.0
A gallstone obstructing the cystic duct is a frequent cause of the gallbladder's inflammatory condition known as cholecystitis.[1][2] Fever can sometimes accompany the common symptoms of cholecystitis, which are pain in the right upper abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.[1] The preferred management strategy is to perform a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, aiming for surgery within a 24-hour window.[3]
Key facts and history
Acalculous cholecystitis, where no stone is present, accounts for 5–10% of cases and is seen in critically ill hospitalized patients.[4] Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, a rare chronic form, was first reported in 1976 by McCoy and colleagues.[5] Factors that increase the likelihood of developing gallstones encompass being female, advanced age, pregnancy, being overweight, and losing weight quickly.[6] Repeated acute episodes lead to chronic cholecystitis, which is nearly invariably linked to the presence of gallstones.[7]
In developed nations, gallstones are present in 10–15% of the adult population; annually, biliary colic develops in 1–4% of individuals who have these stones.[8] Acute cholecystitis emerges in roughly 20% of patients who have biliary colic if no intervention is provided.[8]
What the research sources say
The Lecturio Medical Concept Library states cholecystitis is usually caused by obstruction of the cystic duct.[9] The same source notes that cholecystectomy is performed for symptomatic cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and gallbladder polyps over 0.5 cm.[9] The Lecturio Medical Concept Library lists Boas’s sign as hyperesthesia below the right scapula noted in acute cholecystitis.[9]
References
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; Internal Clinical Guidelines Team, "Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis. Clinical Guideline 188", October 2014, p. 101; Strasberg, "Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.", The New England Journal of Medicine, 26 June 2008, p. 2804–11; Strasberg, "Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.", The New England Journal of Medicine, 26 June 2008, p. 2804–11; Strasberg, "Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.", The New England Journal of Medicine, 26 en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Strasberg, "Clinical practice. Acute calculous cholecystitis.", The New England Journal of Medicine, 26 June 2008, p. 2804–11; "Gallstones", NIDDK, November 2013; "Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management", Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015, p. 1154; Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25; Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25 (or en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Patel, "Training vs practice: A tale of opposition in acute cholecystitis.", World Journal of Hepatology, 18 October 2015, p. 2470–3; Schuld, "Acute Cholecystitis.", Viszeralmedizin, June 2015, p. 163–5; Patel, "Training vs practice: A tale of opposition in acute cholecystitis.", World Journal of Hepatology, 18 October 2015, p. 2470–3; Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25; van Dijk, "Systematic review of antibiotic treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis.", en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Friedman L.S. (2015). Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Dis en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET", World J. Gastroenterol., August 2009, p. 3691–3; "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: differentiation from associated gall bladder carcinoma", Trop Gastroenterol, 2005, p. 31–3; "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder carcinoma with a false-positive result on fluorodeoxyglucose PET", World J. Gastroenterol., August 2009, p. 3691–3; "Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Report of two cases", J S C Med As en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; "Cholecystitis", Mayo Clinic, 28 August 2014; "Cholecystitis", Mayo Clinic, 28 August 2014; Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasp en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Greenberger N.J., Paumgartner G (2012). Chapter 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts. In Longo D.L., Fauci A.S., Kasper D.L., Hauser S.L., Jameson J,; Friedman L.S. (2015). Liver, Biliary Tract, & Pancreas Disorders. In Papadakis M.A., McPhee S.J., Rabow M.W. (Eds), Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2015 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Cholecystitis" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25; "Gallstones", NIDDK, November 2013; "Gallstones", NIDDK, November 2013; Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25; Ansaloni, "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis.", World Journal of Emergency Surgery, 2016, p. 25; "Gallstones", NIDDK, November 2013; Feldman, "Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, en.wikipedia.org
- "Cholecystitis", The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. facts only, no text reused. lecturio.com
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Cholecystitis (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
More in Inflammatory diseases of the digestive system
Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Cholecystitis (CC BY-SA 4.0).
- Word definitions: the Codexery glossary, each quoted from its Wikipedia article.
Spotted an error? Know more?
Reader corrections go straight into our review queue. Suggest an edit · How this site is sourced