Enterocolitis

Key facts and history

Specific types include necrotizing enterocolitis, which is most common in premature infants.^[2] Another type is pseudomembranous enterocolitis, also called pseudomembranous colitis.^[2] The Lecturio Medical Concept Library defines necrotizing enterocolitis as inflammation of the mucosa of both the small intestine and the large intestine.^[1] Radiographic findings of necrotizing enterocolitis can include portal venous gas and pneumatosis intestinalis.^[1]

Pneumoperitoneum and a gasless abdomen are also possible radiographic findings.^[1] An abdominal radiograph may show diffuse, gaseous, intestinal distention with signs of pneumatosis.^[1] Ultrasound can be used as an adjunct when radiography yields nonspecific findings.^[1] Ultrasound findings may include changes in bowel wall thickness and echogenicity.^[1]

What the research sources say

The Lecturio Medical Concept Library notes that necrotizing enterocolitis can lead to short bowel syndrome.^[1] The same source lists neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis clinical features and diagnosis as a reference topic.^[1] Management and prognosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is also covered in the literature.^[1]