The Snake Pit

Lore & Background

The novel was adapted for the screen by Frank Partos and Millen Brand, in screen credits order, and Arthur Laurents (uncredited). The film depicts the bureaucratic regimentation of the institution, the staff (some unkind and aloof, some kind and empathetic), and relationships between patients. The mental hospital is organized on a system of wards, with the best functioning patients assigned to the wards with the lowest numbers. The 'snake pit' is a large padded cell where patients considered beyond help are placed together and abandoned.

In Their Own Story

The sun blazed over the infield as Marcus pushed through the throng, the bass from the stage vibrating through his chest. He'd heard stories from his father about the old Snake Pit—a lawless, muddy field where strangers became friends and the only rule was to survive until the checkered flag. Now, surrounded by a sea of flags and faces, he felt the same electricity. A stranger handed him a cold beer, and they cheered as a distant roar signaled the start of the race. For a moment, the music and engines merged into one sound, and Marcus knew he was part of something timeless.

Reader's Guide

The film follows Virginia Cunningham, an apparently schizophrenic patient at Juniper Hill State Hospital. She hears voices and does not recognize her husband Robert. Dr. Kik works with her through electro-shock treatment and narcosynthesis. Flashbacks show her earlier failed engagement to Gordon and childhood issues. Virginia moves to the lowest ward level (One), but is goaded by Nurse Davis into an outburst, resulting in her being straitjacketed and expelled into the 'snake pit'. Dr. Kik returns her to Level One away from Nurse Davis. Over time, Virginia gains insight and self-understanding and is able to leave the hospital.

Did You Know?

• Gene Tierney was the first choice to play Virginia, but was replaced by de Havilland when Tierney became pregnant.
• Director Anatole Litvak bought the rights to the novel while it was still in galleys, after being shown it by Random House president Bennett Cerf.
• Litvak insisted on three months of research, requiring the entire cast and crew to visit mental institutions and attend lectures by leading psychiatrists.
• Much of the film was shot at the Camarillo State Mental Hospital in California.
• Litvak used the whip pan scene transition device no fewer than eight times in this film.

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