Plants & Crops Codexery

Verbena

A genus of flowering plants with cultural and ornamental significance.

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Verbena is a genus in the family Verbenaceae, also known as vervain or verveine.[1] The genus includes herbaceous flowering plants that may be annual or perennial.[2] Many members of the Verbenaceae family, which includes Verbena, are native to the Americas and Asia.[3]

Scientific classification

  1. CladeTracheophytes
  2. CladeAngiosperms
  3. CladeEudicots
  4. CladeAsterids
  5. OrderLamiales
  6. FamilyVerbenaceae
  7. GenusVerbena

Named by L.

Sources: Wikipedia taxobox: Verbena (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Quick Facts

Type species
Verbena officinalis

Facts from the source article.

Biology and range

Intergeneric chloroplast gene transfer has occurred at least twice from vervains to Glandularia.[4] Several verbena species are of natural hybrid origin.[5] Environmental factors can determine the flowering time and size of a verbena plant.[3] In many Verbena species, the leaves are simple, positioned opposite each other on the stem, and frequently covered with dense hairs.[2]

While blue is the most common flower color, white, pink, and purple shades also occur, especially in cultivated varieties.[2] A North American lineage with a diploid chromosome count and a South American lineage with a polyploid count, both having a base chromosome number of seven, constitute the genus.[4] Both Verbena and the related mock vervains (Glandularia) are thought to have developed from a group of plants that is currently given the provisional genus name Junellia.[4] Due to the close relationships within this group, resolving their evolutionary history using standard computational phylogenetics is difficult.[5]

What the specialist sources record

The National Garden Bureau notes that verbena are known for withstanding hot, dry conditions.[3] The North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox describes garden verbenas as hybrid plants generally grown as annuals.[6] The same source states that tall verbena (Verbena bonariensis) is native to South America but has naturalized in the United States from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas.[7] The North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox reports that rose verbena (Verbena canadensis) is a herbaceous perennial native to North Carolina, found from VA south to FL.[8]

Plant Delights Nursery describes Verbena peruviana as a very low grower, perfect for a sunny rock wall.[9] The same nursery notes that Verbena peruviana has tiny leaves and is smothered with brilliant, true red flowers from spring through summer.[9] GBIF holds 591,177 occurrence records for the genus Verbena.[10]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Verbena" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Western Garden Book", Sunset Books, 1995, p. 606–07 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Verbena" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Year of the Verbena", National Garden Bureau, 2021-10-19 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. "Year of the Verbena", National Garden Bureau, 2021-10-19. facts only, no text reused. ngb.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Verbena" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: S. M. Botta, "Novedades nomenclaturales en Verbenaceae", Hickenia, 1995, p. 127–128 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Verbena" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "A species-level phylogenetic study of the Verbena complex (Verbenaceae) indicates two independent intergeneric chloroplast transfers", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2008, p. 23–33 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. "Verbena x hybrida (Garden Verbena, Verbena) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox", plants.ces.ncsu.edu. facts only, no text reused. plants.ces.ncsu.edu
  7. "Verbena bonariensis (Argentinian Vervain, Brazilian Verbena, Brazilian Vervain, Clustertop Verbena, Purple Top, Tall Verbena, Tall Vervain, Vervain) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox", plants.ces.ncsu.edu. facts only, no text reused. plants.ces.ncsu.edu
  8. "Verbena canadensis (Clump Verbena, Rose Verbena, Rose Vervain) North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox", plants.ces.ncsu.edu. facts only, no text reused. plants.ces.ncsu.edu
  9. "Verbena peruviana", Plant Delights Nursery. facts only, no text reused. plantdelights.com
  10. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy and occurrence index, Verbena (taxon key 2925470). CC BY 4.0 (backbone); counts are facts. gbif.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Verbena (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Named in this entry

Flowering plant

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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