PC Gaming Brands and Manufacturers, Part 2 Codexery

Toshiba

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Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture is where the Japanese multinational electronics firm Toshiba has its headquarters.[1] Among Toshiba's varied offerings are power systems, elevators, semiconductors, hard disk drives, batteries, lighting, and IT solutions like quantum cryptography.[1] Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K., created in 1939 from the merger of Shibaura Seisaku-sho (1875) and Tokyo Denki (1890), is the origin of the Toshiba name.[2]

Key facts and history

After the founder's death in 1881, the company became partly owned by General Electric and expanded into torpedo and mine production for the Imperial Japanese Navy.[3] In 1987, Toshiba Machine was accused of illegally selling CNC milling machines to the Soviet Union in violation of the CoCom agreement.[4] Toshiba faced an accounting scandal in 2015, with profits inflated by $1.2 billion over seven years.[5] Toshiba was purchased by a consortium led by Japan Industrial Partners in 2023 and delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange after 74 years.[6]

After the company became insolvent, Mitsui Bank took control in 1893 and changed its name to Shibaura Seisakusho.[3] General Electric formed a partnership with Shibaura in 1910, receiving technology in return for purchasing roughly one-quarter of the company's shares.[3] The T1100, introduced in 1985, was the first mass-market laptop PC.[2][7] On 29 March 2017, Toshiba's nuclear subsidiary Westinghouse sought Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[8]

What the cited sources add

A CNBC report from October 2015 stated that Toshiba would sell its image sensor manufacturing plant in Oita, Japan, to Sony and withdraw from the white LED business.[9] The same source noted that an accounting probe found Toshiba suffered from governance dysfunctions, with employees discouraged from challenging unrealistically high targets.[9] A BBC News article from February 2017 described Toshiba as "once a poster child for post-war industrial Japan" that had not made a profit since 2013.[10] The same article noted that Toshiba employed more than 180,000 people around the world at that time.[10]

A BBC News article from August 2020 stated that Toshiba's first laptop, the T1100, launched in 1985 with an annual sales target of 10,000 units in Europe.[11] The Nikkei Asian Review reported that Toshiba intended to start quantum cryptography services in the U.S. by September, aiming at the financial and medical sectors.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "TOSHIBA GROUP MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION CHART", Toshiba Corp., 1 April 2020; "Toshiba to launch quantum cryptography services this year", Nikkei Asian Review; "Why Toshiba QKD" (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Toshiba: Why troubled Japanese firms survive", BBC News, 2017-02-14; "Toshiba Science Museum : World's First NAND Flash Memory", toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp; "The History Of Our Memory｜Innovation story｜KIOXIA #FutureMemories", KIOXIA #FutureMemories; "Toshiba shuts the lid on laptops after 35 years", BBC News, 2020-08-10 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Odagiri, "Technology and Industrial Development in Japan", Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996, p. 158 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Seeman, "Toshiba Case—CoCom – Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Revision", The Japan Lawletter, April 1987 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Toshiba CEO quits over $1.2 billion accounting scandal", CNN}}{{cbignore, 22 July 2015; "Toshiba CEO resigns over faked profits", CNN Money}}{{cbignore, 21 July 2015; Ritsuko Ando, "Toshiba CEO quits over accounting scandal", Reuters, 21 July 2015 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Toshiba files unaudited results and says future is in doubt", BBC News, 11 April 2017; Soble, "Scandal Upends Toshiba's Lauded Reputation", The New York Times, 21 July 2015; Mochizuki, "Toshiba to Close the Book on Its Laptop Unit", The Wall Street Journal, 5 June 2018; Lewis, "Toshiba shareholders reject management's plan to split company", Financial Times, 24 March 2022; Jolly, "End of era as Toshiba delists from Tokyo stock exchange after 74 years", The Guardian, 2023-12-20 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Mochizuki, "Toshiba to Close the Book on Its Laptop Unit", The Wall Street Journal, 5 June 2018 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Toshiba" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hals, "Huge nuclear cost overruns push Toshiba's Westinghouse into bankruptcy", Reuters, 30 March 2017; "Westinghouse announces strategic restructuring", Westinghouse Electric Company, 29 March 2017; "Toshiba to drop its auditor: Nikkei", Reuters, 25 April 2017 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. "Toshiba sells sensor business to Sony, overhauls chip unit", CNBC, 28 October 2015. facts only, no text reused. cnbc.com
  10. "Toshiba: Why troubled Japanese firms survive", BBC News, 2017-02-14. facts only, no text reused. bbc.co.uk
  11. "Toshiba shuts the lid on laptops after 35 years", BBC News, 2020-08-10. facts only, no text reused. bbc.co.uk
  12. "Toshiba to launch quantum cryptography services this year", Nikkei Asian Review. facts only, no text reused. asia.nikkei.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Toshiba (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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