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Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

Hanbali jurist, theologian, and spiritual writer.

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Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

Threethalatha · CC0

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya was a medieval Syrian Arab Islamic jurist, theologian, and spiritual writer belonging to the Hanbali school of Fiqh.[1] He was the foremost disciple of Ibn Taymiyya and was imprisoned with him from 1326 until 1328.[1][2] On the 13th night of Rajab, 751 AH, which corresponds to September 15, 1350 CE, Ibn al-Qayyim passed away at 60 years, 5 months, and 5 days of age, and his burial site is next to his father's grave in Bab al-Saghīr Cemetery.[3]

Ibn al-Qayyim
Ibn al-Qayyim. Image: ShafiNotes · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

Life and work

Ibn al-Qayyim began studying under Ibn Taymiyya at age 21 and remained his close companion until Ibn Taymiyya died in 1328.[4] His imprisonment was prompted by a sermon in Jerusalem decrying grave visitation and his agreement with Ibn Taymiyya on divorce matters.[2] While in prison, he busied himself with the Qur'an, experiencing mystical states described as dhawq and mawjud.[5] He supported broad powers for the state and prosecution, arguing it was often right to punish someone of lowly status who alleged improper behavior by someone more respectable.[6]

Ibn Al Qayyim Al-Jawziyya
Ibn Al Qayyim Al-Jawziyya. Image: Threethalatha · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

He formulated evidential theories that made judges less reliant on oral testimony, such as establishing paternity by scrutinizing facial similarities.[6] He believed testimony could be beaten out of "disreputable" suspects during interrogation.[7] The Jawziyyah Madrasah, a Hanbali law college in Damascus, had Ibn al-Qayyim's father as its principal (qayyim).[8][9] Among those from whom Ibn al-Qayyim received instruction were his father, Abu Bakr ibn Ayoub, Ibn 'Abd ad-Da'im, Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī, and Safi ad-Din al-Hindi.[4]

Ibn Qayyim Calligraphy
Ibn Qayyim Calligraphy. Image: HotBlood333 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

What the cited sources add

A 1971 article by John W. Livingston in the Journal of the American Oriental Society states Ibn Qayyim opposed alchemy and divination, particularly astrology.[10][11] The same source records his view that those influenced by heavenly bodies were "the most ignorant of people, the most in error and the furthest from humanity."[10][11]

Ibnalqayyim
Ibnalqayyim. Image: Abu ibrahim al irbili · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya tomb
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya tomb. Image: محمد اسماعيل كردية · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Image: Abdalluh23 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Morrison, "The Defining Characteristics of Money in Islamic Law", p. 13; Lange, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751/1350) on the Legal Status of the Senses", p. 553; ; Livingston, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1971, p. 96–103; Hoover, Jon, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya", in: Christian-Muslim Relations 600 - 1500, General Editor David Thomas.; (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hoover, Jon, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya", in: Christian-Muslim Relations 600 - 1500, General Editor David Thomas.; Holtzman, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya", Essays in Arabic Literary Biography, January 2009, p. 211 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Bab al-Saghir Cemetery (Goristan Ghariban)", Madain Project (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Roger M. A. Allen, Joseph Edmund Lowry, Devin J. Stewart, Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1350-1850, p 211.; Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, p 362.; Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, p 363. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Holtzman, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya", Essays in Arabic Literary Biography, January 2009, p. 212 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Baber Johansen, "Signs as Evidence: The Doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya (1263-1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d.1351) on Proof", Islamic Law and Society, v.9, n.2 (2; Kadri, "Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ...", macmillan, 2012, p. 140 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Baber Johansen, "Signs as Evidence: The Doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya 1263-1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d.1351) on Proof", Islamic Law and Society, v.9, n.2 (20; Reza, Sadiq, "Torture and Islamic Law", Chicago Journal of International Law, 8 (2007), pp.24-25; Baber Johansen, "Signs as Evidence: The Doctrine of Ibn Taymiyya 1263-1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d.1351) on Proof", Islamic Law and Society, v.9, n.2 (20; Kadri, "Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ...", macmillan, 2012, en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Holtzman, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah", Essays in Arabic Literary Biography, January 2009, p. 208 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Livingston, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1971, p. 96–103; Livingston, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 1971, p. 96–103 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  11. John W. Livingston, "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1971), doi:10.2307/600445. OpenAlex metadata CC0; paper not read. doi.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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