Geology
31 entries in the Geology compendium.
CretaceousThe final period of the Mesozoic, ending in mass extinction.Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction eventMass extinction that ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs.Crust (geology)The outermost solid shell of a planet or satellite.CryosphereEarth's frozen water component, critical to climate feedbacks.Earth's crustEarth's outermost solid shell, making up about 1.25% of the planet's radius.Earth's inner coreSolid iron-nickel sphere at Earth's center, studied via seismic waves.Earth's magnetic fieldProtects Earth from solar wind and enables navigation.Earth's mantleSilicate layer between crust and outer core, driving plate tectonics.Earth's outer coreLiquid layer generating Earth's magnetic field via convection.ErosionNatural removal and transport of Earth's surface materials by agents like water and wind.Fault (geology)A fracture in rock where displacement occurs, causing earthquakes.FeldsparA group of rock-forming minerals comprising most of Earth's crust.FloodplainFloodplains are fertile, flood-prone river-adjacent lands.Fold (geology)Bent rock layers from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized structures.GemstoneMineral crystals and organic materials used for jewelry and adornment.GeochronologyScience of dating rocks, fossils, and sediments using inherent signatures.GeodesyScience of measuring Earth's geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation.Geologic time scaleStandardized system dividing Earth's history into defined time intervals.Geological history of EarthEarth's geological history spans 4.54 billion years of change.GeomorphologyStudy of Earth's surface form and change.GeophysicsPhysical science of Earth and planetary processes.GeyserA rare spring that erupts intermittently with steam and water.Glacial landformLandforms shaped by glacial movement and meltwater.GneissA banded metamorphic rock from high temperature and pressure.GraniteA tough, massive rock used in construction throughout history.GravelLoose rock fragments used widely in construction and concrete.GypsumA soft sulfate mineral used in plaster, fertilizer, and sculpture.Hotspot (geology)Volcanic hotspots are mantle-fed locales independent of plate boundaries.Ice ageA period of cooling with expanded glaciers and ice caps.Ice sheetMassive glacial ice covering land, driving sea level and climate.Ice shelfFloating glacial ice platforms that moderate glacier flow.
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