Revolutions of 1917–1923 Codexery

Irish Civil War

A war between former comrades over the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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The Irish Civil War was a conflict from 28 June 1922 to 24 May 1923 that followed the Irish War of Independence.[1] Today, the three largest political parties in Ireland are direct descendants of the opposing sides in the war.[2] According to Kissane's 2005 work, the conflict caused long-lasting bitterness and division within Irish society.[2]

Key facts and history

The treaty confirmed the partition of Ireland, allowing Northern Ireland to opt out of the new state.[3][4] The most contentious areas for the IRA were the disestablishment of the Irish Republic and the status of the Irish Free State as a dominion.[4] On 14 April 1922, 200 Anti-Treaty IRA militants occupied the Four Courts in Dublin.[5] After the assassination of Field Marshal Henry Hughes Wilson in London on 22 June 1922, Winston Churchill warned Collins to take action.[6]

The war spread throughout the country, with the Free State taking major towns in August 1922.[7][8] The Anglo-Irish Treaty established a self-governing Irish state with its own military and police forces, but as a dominion within the British Empire.[3][9] Michael Collins, determined to prevent a civil war, refrained from taking action against the Four Courts garrison until late June 1922.[10]

What the research sources say

A 1928 memoir by Tim Healy described the British offer of two 18-pounder field artillery pieces for use by the Free State army.[11]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The Troubles", Claregalway Historical Society Sharing our historical & cultural heritage (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kissane, "The Politics of the Irish Civil War", OUP Oxford, 2005, p. 11 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Belfast County Borough Religious Census 1926", Hist pop (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Younger, "Ireland's Civil War", Fontana, 1988, p. 233–35 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Tim Healy wrote of the occupation in late March: "The Freeman published, on 26 March, an account of the secret debate of the mutineers supplied by the Provision; Younger 1968, p. 258–259 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Collins 1993, p. 297; Harrington 1992, p. 29; Hopkinson 1988, p. 71 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Harrington 1992, p. 29 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hopkinson 1988, p. 71; Harrington 1992, p. 29 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Documents on Irish Foreign Policy Series: Anglo-Irish Treaty: Text of.", National archives; "Official Correspondence relating to the Peace Negotiations June–September, 1921", UCC (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hopkinson 1988, p. 71 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. Wikipedia, "Irish Civil War" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Tim Healy memoirs (1928), chapter 46.; Cottrell, "The Irish Civil War 1922–23", Osprey Publishing, February 2023, p. 40; Hopkinson 1988, p. 71; Coogan, "Michael Collins: A Biography", Arrow, 1991, p. 332 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Irish Civil War (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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