Historical Figures Codexery

Oliver Cromwell

Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland

Robert Cromwell and Elizabeth, daughter of William Steward, were the parents of Oliver Cromwell, who was born in Huntingdon on 25 April 1599.[1]

Quick Facts

Office
Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
Took office
16 December 1653
Left office
3 September 1658
Predecessor
Council of State
Successor
Richard Cromwell

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

He married Elizabeth Bourchier on 22 August 1620, a union that connected him to influential Puritan merchant and gentry networks.[2][3] He inherited properties in Ely from his uncle in 1636, which raised his income and returned him to the gentry.[4] During the English Civil War, he recruited a cavalry troop and rose to lieutenant general of horse, playing a key role at the Battle of Marston Moor in July 1644.[5][6] He was named Lord Protector in December 1653 and died in 1658, after which his son Richard succeeded him but proved weak.[7]

Cromwell attended Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, a college founded not long before with a strong Puritan ethos, and departed in June 1617 without a degree, right after his father died.[8] After a charter dispute, Cromwell sold most of his Huntingdon properties in 1631 and relocated to a farm in St Ives, a move that was a significant step down in society for his family.[9]

What the cited sources add

That same source notes that Cromwell employed his son-in-law Henry Ireton to draft constitutional proposals, which became the "Heads of Proposals"[10][11]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Plant, "Oliver Cromwell 1599–1658", British-civil-wars.co.uk; Lauder-Frost, Gregory, F.S.A. Scot., "East Anglian Stewarts" in The Scottish Genealogist, Dec. 2004, vol. LI, no. 4., pp. 158–159.; ; Morrill, "Oliver Cromwell (English statesman)", Britannica Biographies, 10 February 2025 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate 1638–1660 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Cromwell's family", The Cromwell Association (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gaunt 2004 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Plant, "1643: Civil War in Lincolnshire", British-civil-wars.co.uk; "Fenland riots", www.elystandard.co.uk, 7 December 2006; "Oliver Cromwell", British Civil Wars Project (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Fraser 1973, p. 24 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Fitzgibbons, "Cromwell's head", National Archives, 2008 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; Firth, p. 156; Fraser 1973, p. 24; Fraser 1973, p. 24 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Morrill 1990b; Morrill 1990b; Morrill, "A unique leader", BBC, 17 February 2011 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Ashley, "The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell", Collier- Macmillan Ltd., 1957, p. 187–190. facts only, no text reused. archive.org
  11. Wikipedia, "Oliver Cromwell" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ashley, "The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell", Collier- Macmillan Ltd., 1957, p. 187–190 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Oliver Cromwell (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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