Tariq ibn Ziyad
Umayyad commander who led the Muslim conquest of Iberia
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Quick Facts
- Born
- c. 670
- Birthplace
- Mauretania Caesariensis
- Died
- c. 720
- Place of death
- Damascus, Syria
- Allegiance
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Battles
- Conquest of Hispania
- Battle of Guadalete
- Battle of Écija (711)
- Other work
- Governor of Tangier, Governor of Al-Andalus
Facts from the source article.
Life and work
Medieval Arabic historians give contradictory accounts of Tariq's origins and ethnicity.[3] According to Ibn Abd al-Hakam, Musa ibn Nusayr appointed Tariq as governor of Tangier after its conquest in 710–711.[4] Tariq split his army into four divisions, capturing Córdoba, Granada, and other places, while he captured Toledo.[1] David Nicolle's research indicates that the earliest historical mention of Tariq places him as the governor of Tangier.[5]
Julian transported Tariq's force of recent Berber converts to Islam onto the Iberian peninsula around April 26, 711.[1] The force under Tariq's command numbered roughly 7,000, with a majority being Berber soldiers alongside some Arab troops.[6] In 714, the Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I summoned both Tariq and Musa to return to Damascus, where they remained for the rest of their lives.[7]
What the cited sources add
A 2021 Marine Insight article states Tariq and Musa later captured a large portion of Spain with nearly 20,000 soldiers.[2] The same article notes the port of Tarifa is named after another Muslim leader named Tarif, not Tariq ibn Ziyad.[2] David Nicolle states it is traditionally believed Tariq was born in Wadi Tafna and lived there with his wife before his governance of Tangier.[5]
References
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Molina 2000, p. 242 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Menon, "10 Interesting Facts About The Straits Of Gibraltar", Marine Insight, 2021-04-17. facts only, no text reused. marineinsight.com
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Molina 2000, p. 242; Molina 2000, p. 242; Abun-Nasr 1993, p. 71; Kennedy 1996, p. 6; Nicolle 2009, p. 64 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Alternatively, he was left as governor when Musa's son Marwan returned to Qayrawan. Both explanations are given by Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 41 of Spanish translatio (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Nicolle, "The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750", Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014, p. 45; Barth, "Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa: Being a Journal of an Expedition Undertaken Under the Auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the Years 1849–1855", Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 185; Arab Center for Educational Research for the Gulf States, "معجم العلوم الإنسانية للمرحلة الثانوية في التعليم العام", المركز العربي للبحوث التربوية لدول الخليج, 2013, p. 427; Sidi Yakhlef, Adel. "Approche Anthropo-biologique de la con en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Akhbār majmūa, p. 21 of Spanish translation, p. 6 of Arabic text.; Akhbār majmūa p. 8 of Arabic text, p. 22 of Spanish translation.; Collins, "Visigothic Spain 409–711", John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2004, p. 141; According to some sources, e.g., al-Maqqari p. 269 of the English translation, Wittiza's sons by prior arrangement with Tariq deserted at a critical phase of th; Molina 2000, p. 242; Reilly 2009, p. 52 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Tariq ibn Ziyad" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Reilly 2009, p. 52; Abun-Nasr 1993, p. 71 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Tariq ibn Ziyad (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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