Yarrow

Lore & Background

Yarrow is an erect, herbaceous perennial with fernlike leaves and small whitish flowers. The plant has a distinct spicy scent and contains chemicals such as proazulenes, chamazulene, and δ-cadinol. Its taxonomy includes several subspecies and varieties, such as Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium and Achillea millefolium var. californica.

Reader's Guide

Yarrow has been used in traditional medicine by various cultures, including Native American nations, for treating wounds, toothaches, earaches, and as an analgesic. It was also used in ancient times to stop bleeding and in the 16th century for nosebleeds. The plant is edible but advised not to be consumed in large amounts; its leaves and flowers can be used in salads or brewed as tea.

In the Middle Ages, it was part of a herbal mixture called gruit used in flavoring beer. Yarrow is also planted to combat soil erosion and as a companion plant to attract beneficial insects. It can be invasive in some settings and is toxic to dogs, cats, and horses, causing increased urination, vomiting, and dermatitis.

Did You Know?

• Yarrow has been found with Neanderthal burials, suggesting ancient human association.
• The dark blue essential oil of yarrow contains proazulenes.
• Several cavity-nesting birds, including the common starling, use yarrow to line their nests.
• Yarrow can be used for dyeing wool, producing colors from green to yellow depending on the mordant.