Asian & Middle Eastern Monarchs & Strongmen Codexery

Hassan II of Morocco

King of Morocco who centralized power and led the Green March.

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Hassan II was born on 9 July 1929 in Rabat as the eldest son of Sultan Mohammed V.[1]

Life and work

He studied Islamic sciences in Fez and later at the Royal College in Rabat, where Mehdi Ben Barka was his mathematics teacher.[2] Hassan earned a law degree in 1951 and a master's in public law from the University of Bordeaux in 1952.[3] He attended the 1943 Casablanca Conference with his father and met Roosevelt, Churchill, and de Gaulle.[4] French authorities deported Hassan and his family to Corsica on 20 August 1953, and they later moved to Madagascar.[5]

Hassan was proclaimed Crown Prince on 9 July 1957 after his father changed the sovereign's title from Sultan to King.[6] In 1962, he wrote Morocco's first constitution, defining the kingdom as a social and democratic constitutional monarchy.[7] His reign was infamous for a poor human rights record, with the "years of lead" from the 1960s to the late 1980s seeing thousands of dissidents jailed or killed.[8] He survived two assassination attempts in the early 1970s, including a 1971 coup at his palace in Skhirat and a 1972 attack by air force jets.[9][10]

What the cited sources add

A 2021 Aujourd'hui Le Maroc article reports that on 18 November 1955, Mohammed V declared the end of the protectorate and the advent of an era of freedom and independence.[11] According to a 2013 France 3 Corse article, Mohammed V and his party left the island on 5 February 1953 under conditions of utmost secrecy.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Blau, "MAN IN THE NEWS; A KING OF THE UNEXPECTED: HASSAN II", The New York Times, 1986-07-23; "Ahl al-Bayt", Encyclopædia Britannica; "Hassan II, king of Morocco", Encyclopædia Britannica; Gregory, "Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West", The New York Times, 24 July 1999 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Miller, "A History of Modern Morocco", Cambridge University Press, 2013; Hassan II, King of Morocco, "La mémoire d'un roi : entretiens avec Eric Laurent", Plon, 1993; "قضية المهدي بن بركة تعود للواجهة بقوة في المغرب بعد مرور نصف قرن على اختطافه", CNN Arabic, 2015-10-30; Coindreau, "Le Maroc: Maroc français, Maroc espagnol, Tanger", Société d'éditions géographiques, maritimes et coloniales, 1949, p. 60 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Nyrop, "Area Handbook for Morocco", U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, p. 165; Gregory, "Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West", The New York Times, 24 July 1999; "His Majesty King Hassan II", Moroccan Ministry of Communication, 2004-10-11; Benmansour, "Hassan II, sa vie, sa lutte, ses réalisations", Imprimerie Royale, 1969; Lugan, "Histoire du Maroc", Critérion, 1992; Corval, "Le Maroc en révolution", Éditions T.C., 1956, p. 47; Malherbe, "La Faculté de Droit de Bordeaux: (1870 - 1970)", Presses Univ en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "La Conférence d'Anfa, une étape décisive dans l'histoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale", Maroc.ma, 21 January 2018; "Lesson of Casablanca Conference Timely After 50 Years: Have Clear Goals", 16 January 1993 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Benargane, "Mohammed V à Tanger pour prononcer son discours historique", Yabiladi; BÉZIE, "En 1953, l'exil corse du roi Mohammed V du Maroc", France 3 Corse, 3 October 2013; "Retour de l'exil de Feu SM Mohammed V : Un événement glorieux dans l'histoire de la lutte pour l'indépendance du Maroc", Aujourd'hui Le Maroc, 18 November 2021; Gruner, "Du Maroc traditionnel au Maroc moderne : le contrôle civil au Maroc, 1912-1956", 1984; "L'autre Mohammed VI", Zamane, 2012-10-30 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lacouture, "Le début du règne de Hassan II révèle que le nouveau roi du Maroc ne manque pas de bons atouts", Le Monde diplomatique, 1961-05-01; Nyrop, "Area Handbook for Morocco", U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972, p. 164; Bicknell, "How the inter-faith 'spirit of Toumliline' lives on 50 years after Moroccan monastery closed", The Tablet, 30 September 2022 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, 1962"; Miller, "A History of Modern Morocco", Cambridge University Press, 2013; Gleijeses, "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961–1965", Journal of Latin American Studies, 1996, p. 159–195 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Morocco 'Facebook prince' pardon", BBC, 19 March 2008; Hamilton, "Laughter, freedom and religion in Morocco", BBC, 13 January 2007; George Joffé, "Morocco" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Nyrop, "Morocco, a country study", Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Hassan II of Morocco" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gregory, "Hassan II of Morocco Dies at 70; A Monarch Oriented to the West", The New York Times, 24 July 1999; Miller, "A History of Modern Morocco", Cambridge University Press, 2013; Nyrop, "Morocco, a country study", Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978; Doublet, "Le complot de Skhirat", L'Express, 2 March 2006; "Dix officiers, dont quatre généraux ont été fusillés au Maroc", Le Monde, 14 July 1971; Lamlili, "Palais de Skhirat au Maroc : Hassan II, un roi miraculé", Jeu en.wikipedia.org
  11. "Retour de l'exil de Feu SM Mohammed V : Un événement glorieux dans l'histoire de la lutte pour l'indépendance du Maroc", Aujourd'hui Le Maroc, 18 November 2021. facts only, no text reused. aujourdhui.ma
  12. BÉZIE, "En 1953, l'exil corse du roi Mohammed V du Maroc", France 3 Corse, 3 October 2013. facts only, no text reused. france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Hassan II of Morocco (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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