Bigeye snapper (Lutjanus lutjanus)

Classification (WoRMS)

Full classification as recorded by WoRMS: Kingdom: Animalia · Phylum: Chordata · Class: Teleostei · Order: Eupercaria incertae sedis · Family: Lutjanidae · Genus: Lutjanus.

Accepted name: Lutjanus lutjanus · Authority: Bloch, 1790 · Taxonomic status: accepted · AphiaID: 218495.

Synonyms and superseded combinations recorded for this taxon: Diacope lineolata Rüppell, 1829; Lutianus lineolatus (Rüppell, 1829); Lutianus lutianus Bloch, 1790; Lutianus lutjanus Bloch, 1790; Lutjanus blochii Lacepède, 1802; Lutjanus lineolatus (Rüppell, 1829); Mesoprion caroui Cuvier, 1828; Mesoprion erythrognathus Valenciennes, 1831; Mesoprion xanthopterygius Bleeker, 1849; Rhomboplitoides megalops Fowler, 1918; Serranus nouleny Valenciennes, 1828.

Source: World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218495 (CC BY 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-25.

Biology and life history (FishBase)

Measured values published by FishBase for Lutjanus lutjanus. Only fields the database actually holds for this species are shown; these are database values, not aquarium guidance.

Maximum length: 35 cm · Depth range: 0–96 m · Habitat zone: reef-associated · Body shape: fusiform / normal · Vulnerability index: 25.5 of 100 · Fishery importance: highly commercial · Aquarium trade: never/rarely.

FishBase notes: Adults inhabit offshore coral reefs and trawling grounds. Trawled to depth of almost 100 m (Ref. 48635). Frequently encountered in large schools with other Lutjanus species (Ref. 9710). Feed on fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 30573).

Source: FishBase species summary (SpecCode 159) — https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Lutjanus-lutjanus.html (CC BY-NC 3.0 — non-commercial use only). Accessed 2026-09-25.

Distribution and occurrence records (GBIF)

43,758 georeferenced occurrence records for Lutjanus lutjanus are published through GBIF from 45 countries or marine areas. The map above plots 132 distinct locations from a sample of 3,000 records, omitting 27 inland records that carry an institution's coordinates rather than a collection site; it shows where the species has been observed and reported, not a modelled range.

Most records by country or area: Australia (42,814); Indonesia (151); Philippines (116); Malaysia (108); Thailand (106).

The full country table, WoRMS marine regions and the sampling notes are on this species' Distribution page.

Source: GBIF Occurrence Search (taxonKey 2384741) — https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/search?taxon_key=2384741&has_coordinate=true (records CC0 / CC BY); WoRMS distribution records (MarineRegions) — https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=218495 (CC BY 4.0); Natural Earth 110m basemap — https://www.naturalearthdata.com/ (public domain). Accessed 2026-09-25.

Conservation status (IUCN Red List)

The IUCN Red List assesses Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 as Least Concern (code LC). No trend, population estimate or threat analysis is given here, because none is available from this source without the Red List API; follow the source link for the full assessment, including its date.

Source: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (taxon 194335) — https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/194335/0; GBIF IUCN Red List category endpoint (taxonKey 2384741) — https://api.gbif.org/v1/species/2384741/iucnRedListCategory. Accessed 2026-09-25.

Description and natural history (Wikipedia)

The bigeye snapper was first formally described in 1790 by the German physician and zoologist Marcus Elieser Bloch with the type locality given as Japan, although this is thought to be erroneous and is actually Indonesia. Bloch named the genus Lutjanus when he described this species and it is the type species of that genus by tautonymy. The name, lutjanus, is derived from a local Indonesian name for snappers, ikhan Lutjang.

Description

The bigeye snapper has a fusiform, slender body which has a standard length that is 2.9 to 3.3 as long as the body's deepest points. It has a gently sloped forehead and the preopercular incision and knob are weakly developed. The vomerine teeth are arranged in a triangular patch with a central rearwards extension and the tongue has a patch of grain-like teeth. The dorsal fin has 10-12 spines and 12 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays.

The rear of the dorsal fin and the anal fin have an angular profile, the pectoral fins have 16-17 rays and the caudal fin is truncate or weakly emarginate. This fish attains a maximum total length of 35 cm.

The upper back is golden-brown in colour with silvery-white flanks with a brown to yellow stripe running from the snout to the dorsal caudal peduncle. It has oblique golden lines above the lateral line and horizontal stripes below it. The dorsal, anal and caudal fins are vivid yellow.

Distribution and habitat

The bigeye snapper has a wide Indo-West Pacific distribution. It is found from the Red Sea and the eastern African coast as far south as South Africa and Madagascar east along the southern Asian coast, including the Seychelles, into the Pacific where it has been recorded from Tonga and Wallis Island.

It extends north to Japan and south to Australia. In Australian waters it has been recorded from the coasts north-western Western Australia around the tropical northern coast to the northern coast of Queensland. It is found at depths between 1 and 96 m in areas of coral reef and inshore waters with soft substrates.

Biology

The bigeye snapper is often observed in large aggregations with congeners. It is a predatory species which hunts fishes and crustaceans. They have been reported spawning in the Gulf of Aden in March, off eastern Africa in November and between January and June in the Gulf of Suez.

Fisheries and conservation

The bigeye snapper caught using handlines and bottom trawls in some parts of its range, it is also caught as a bycatch in shrimp fisheries. The catch is sold fresh and it can be a common species in fish markets. Between 1979 and 1982 2,286 tonnes was reported to the FAO as being taken in the Gulf of Suez representing 10-20% of the annual snapper landings in that region. However, this species remains locally abundant and has stable populations so the IUCN have assessed it as Least Concern.

Source: Wikipedia: Bigeye snapper — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigeye_snapper (CC BY-SA 4.0). Accessed 2026-09-25.