Space Probes of ESA, Japan, China, India and the USSR
47 entries in the Space Probes of ESA, Japan, China, India and the USSR compendium.
Cluster II (spacecraft)Four-satellite ESA mission to study Earth's magnetosphere in 3D.Gaia (spacecraft)ESA astrometry mission mapping a billion stars.Giotto (spacecraft)First spacecraft to make close-up observations of a comet.Planck (spacecraft)ESA observatory that mapped the cosmic microwave background with unprecedented precision.Hayabusa Mk2Proposed JAXA sample-return mission to a primitive NEO.Chandrayaan-1India's first lunar probe, confirmed water molecules on the Moon.SpaDeXISRO's twin satellite mission demonstrating in-space docking.Vega programSoviet-led dual mission to Venus and Halley's Comet.Ramses (spacecraft)European-Japanese mission to study Apophis before and during its Earth flyby.Soyuz 7K-L1Soviet circumlunar spacecraft for crewed Moon flybys.Luna 4Soviet lunar soft-lander that missed the Moon in 1963.LUMIO (space mission)Lunar CubeSat to observe meteoroid impacts from L2 halo orbit.Venera 2MV-1 No.1First Soviet Venus probe stranded in Earth orbit.Vega 1Soviet probe to Venus and Halley's Comet.Tyazhely SputnikFailed Soviet Venus probe announced as a heavy satellite.Luna programmeSoviet robotic lunar missions achieving many firsts in space exploration.Vega 2Soviet probe that studied Venus and Halley's Comet.Soviet Mars programSoviet uncrewed Mars exploration from 1960 to 1973.Hongmeng projectChinese lunar-orbit radio array to observe the Universe's earliest epochs.Luna 9First spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon and return surface images.Chang'e 8Chinese robotic precursor for the International Lunar Research Station.Darwin (spacecraft)Proposed ESA mission to detect Earth-like exoplanets via interferometry.SPICA (spacecraft)Proposed ESA-JAXA infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics.Chang'e 7Chinese lunar south pole mission with orbiter, lander, rover, and hopping probe.Zond programSoviet robotic spacecraft series for planetary and circumlunar missions.Moon Impact ProbeIndian lunar probe that discovered water on the Moon.KazachokRoscosmos-led Mars lander for ExoMars 2022.Zond 1Soviet Venus probe that lost contact before flyby.Don Quijote (spacecraft)European asteroid deflection mission concept studied from 2005 to 2007.Kosmos 482Failed Soviet Venus probe that reentered after 53 years.Venera 1First interplanetary spacecraft and first to fly past Venus.Mars 1M No.1First Soviet Mars probe lost in launch failure.Comet InterceptorESA mission to intercept a long-period comet from L2.Luna E-6 No.2First Ye-6 lunar soft-lander, stranded by upper stage failure.Kosmos 21Soviet Venus probe stranded in Earth orbit.HERACLES (spacecraft)Proposed robotic lunar transport system by ESA, JAXA, and CSA.Europa Jupiter System Mission – LaplaceProposed joint NASA/ESA mission to explore Jupiter's icy moons.MELOSJapanese rover concept for precision landing and biosignature search.M-ArgoPlanned ESA CubeSat for asteroid rendezvous and resource survey.Mars 1MFirst Soviet Mars probes, both lost to launch failure.DESTINY+JAXA mission to fly by 3200 Phaethon and sample its dust.Mars 2M No.521Soviet Mars orbiter lost in launch failure in 1969.Luna 21Soviet lunar lander that deployed the Lunokhod 2 rover.Castalia (spacecraft)Proposed mission to measure water in the asteroid belt.Kosmos 96Soviet Venus probe stranded in orbit by launch failure.Luna 10First artificial satellite of the Moon, launched by the Soviet Union.Luna E-1 No.1First Soviet lunar attempt, lost in launch failure.
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