Medieval Europe
30 entries in the Medieval Europe compendium.
Late Middle AgesCrisis and transformation in 14th–15th century Europe.Latin EmpireA feudal Crusader state founded after the Fourth Crusade's sack of Constantinople.Latin translations of the 12th centuryScholars translated Arabic and Greek works into Latin, reviving European learning.Lombard LeagueAlliance of northern Italian cities against Hohenstaufen imperial control, active from 116LombardsThe Lombards—also called Longobards or Langobards—were a Germanic people who took over mucLotharingiaEarly medieval kingdom and duchy named after King Lothair II.March of TuscanyA Carolingian march that shaped medieval Italian politics.Maritime republicsItalian thalassocratic states that dominated Mediterranean trade and navigation.Medieval communeSworn urban alliances for mutual defense and self-governance.Medieval renaissancesThree medieval cultural renewals, first named in the 19th century.Medieval warfareMedieval warfare transformed tactics, fortifications, and military organization.Norman conquest of southern ItalyDecades-long Norman consolidation of southern Italy into a kingdom.NormansNorse-Frankish people who shaped medieval Europe.North Sea EmpireA short-lived Norse thalassocracy uniting three kingdoms.Ostrogothic KingdomOstrogothic kingdom ruled Italy after deposing Odoacer.OstrogothsGermanic people who founded a kingdom in Italy under Theodoric.Ottonian dynastyThe Ottonian dynasty, a Saxon line of German monarchs, ruled from 919 to 1024. It is also Peace and Truce of GodMedieval Church-led movement to limit feudal violence through spiritual sanctions.Peasants' RevoltMajor English uprising in 1381, best documented revolt of the period.Piast dynastyFirst historical ruling dynasty of Poland, from c.Prince-electorElectors chose the emperor and held unique imperial privileges.Renaissance of the 12th centuryA period of intellectual and economic revival in High Medieval Europe.Republic of AnconaMedieval maritime republic and central Italy's gateway to the Orient.Republic of FlorenceMedieval and early modern republic centered on Florence, Italy.Republic of GenoaA medieval maritime republic and major European financial hub.Republic of PisaA medieval maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for a century.Republic of RagusaAristocratic maritime republic centered on Dubrovnik, peaked in 15th–16th centuries.Republic of SienaMedieval republic of Siena, a commercial and artistic power in Tuscany.Republic of VeniceA maritime republic that dominated Mediterranean trade for over a millennium.Salic lawFrankish law code that shaped European inheritance and legal traditions.
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