Historical Figures Codexery

Uthman

Third Rashidun caliph who standardized the Quran.

Uthman was born in Mecca in 576 and belonged to the prominent Banu Umayya family.[1] He became a wealthy merchant and was among the earliest converts to Islam.[2][3]

Quick Facts

Predecessor
Umar
Successor
Ali
Born
c. 576 CE
Birthplace
Mecca or Taif, Hejaz, Arabia
Died
17 June 656 CE (18 Dhu al-Hijjah 35 AH) (aged c. 80)
Place of death
Medina, Hejaz, Rashidun Caliphate
Burial place
Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina
Father
Affan ibn Abi al-As

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

Uthman learned of Muhammad's declared mission in 611 after returning from a business trip to Syria.[3] He converted to Islam after a discussion with Abu Bakr, who brought him to Muhammad.[3] He continued his profession as a trader there and flourished.[4] Uthman participated in several military expeditions but did not join the Battle of Badr.[5]

Uthman provided the largest individual financial contribution for the Expedition of Tabuk in 630.[6] Around 650, Uthman ordered a committee to prepare a standardized version of the Quran.[7] During his rule, he delegated much military authority to his trusted kinsmen.[8] Rebels from Egypt, Kufa, and Basra besieged his house, and he was assassinated.[9][10][11]

In April 615, Uthman and Ruqayya fled to Abyssinia with ten other Muslim men and three women to avoid persecution.[4]

What the cited sources add

Uthman then sent a message to Hafsa for the manuscripts of the Quran.[12] He ordered Zaid bin Thabit and others to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies.[12] Uthman instructed them to write in the dialect of Quraish if they disagreed with Zaid.[12] After copying, Uthman returned the original manuscripts to Hafsa.[12]

According to Sahih Bukhari, Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman approached Uthman because he feared discrepancies in how the Qur'an was being recited.[12] Uthman distributed one copy of the compiled text to each Muslim province and commanded that all other Qur'anic materials be destroyed by fire.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Abbas 2021; Della Vida Khoury 2000, p. 946; Gordon Robinson Rowson Fishbein 2018, p. 796 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Della Vida Khoury 2000, p. 946; Lapidus 2002, p. 46 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ahmad, "Uthman Bin Affan", p. 19; Ahmed ibn Jabir al-Baladhuri. Kitab Futuh al-Buldan, translated by Murgotten, F. C.; (1924), The Origins of the Islamic State Part 2, p. 271, New York, Longmans (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah, translated by Guillaume, A.; (1955), The Life of Muhammad, pp. 146–148, Oxford, Oxford University Press.; Muhammad ibn Saad, Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, translated by Haq, S. M. (1967), Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, Volume I, Parts I & II, Delhi, Kitab Bhavan; Hazrat Usman – by Rafi Ahmad Fidai, publisher: Islamic Book Service, page: 32 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Madelung 1997, p. 79; Madelung 1997, p. 79 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lings 2006, p. 309; Ibn Ishaq 2002, p. 325 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Tabatabai, "The Qur'an in Islam - its impact and influence on the life of Muslims", Zahra Publ., 1987; al-Bukhari, "Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510", sahih-bukhari.com, 810–870 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: History of the Prophets and Kings, (Tarikh al-Tabari), vol. 4, The Ancient Kingdoms, p. 183.; Ochsenweld, "The Middle East - A History", McGraw Hill, 2004 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Uthman ibn Affan" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The Murder of the Caliph Uthman," M. Hinds, in International Journal of Middle East Studies, 1972 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. Wikipedia, "Uthman" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sirat-i-Hazrat Usman-i-Ghani, by Mohammad Alias Aadil, publishers: Mushtaq Ahmed Lahore (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  12. al-Bukhari, "Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510", sahih-bukhari.com, 810–870. facts only, no text reused. sahih-bukhari.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Uthman (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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