Harun al-Rashid
The fifth Abbasid caliph whose reign marked the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age.
He established the Bayt al-Hikma library in Baghdad and his rule saw the city become a global center of knowledge and trade.[1] His court inspired portions of the fictional "One Thousand and One Nights".[2][3]
Quick Facts
- Religion
- Sunni Islam
- Reign
- 14 September 786 – 24 March 809
- Predecessor
- Al-Hadi
- Successor
- Al-Amin
- Born
- 17 March 763 or February 766
- Birthplace
- Ray, Jibal, Abbasid Caliphate
- Died
- 24 March 809 (aged 43 or 46)
- Place of death
- Tus, Khorasan, Abbasid Caliphate
Facts from the source article.
Life and work
Harun was born in Rey, in present-day Iran, to Caliph al-Mahdi and his influential wife al-Khayzuran.[4] Harun died leaving nine hundred million dirhams in the state treasury, according to the historian al-Tabari.[5] His education covered history, geography, rhetoric, music, poetry, and economics, but his primary focus was on mastering hadith and the Quran.[4] Prior to his caliphate, Harun led military expeditions against the Eastern Roman Empire, ruled by Empress Irene, in 780 and 782.[5]
During Harun's rule, the Abbasid Empire attained its greatest extent, and Baghdad became the most magnificent city of its era.[6][7]
What the cited sources add
The Open Library record for ISBN 9780810865686 lists "Historical Dictionary of Iraq" as published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated in 2004.[8]
References
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Audun Holme, Geometry: Our Cultural Heritage p. 150. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: André Clot, Harun al-Rashid and the world of the thousand and one nights, p. 97.; Royal Frankish Annals, DCCCVII.; Charlemagne: Translated sources, p. 98.; André Clot, Harun al-Rashid and the world of the thousand and one nights. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid Caliph Who Inspired the 'Arabian Nights'", ThoughtCo (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bobrick 2012, p. 38; Watt, "Hārūn al-Rashīd", Encyclopedia Britannica, 2022 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bobrick 2012, p. 38 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ghareeb, "Historical Dictionary of Iraq", Scarecrow Press, 2004; Ghareeb, "Historical Dictionary of Iraq", Scarecrow Press, 2004 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Harun al-Rashid" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Watt, "Hārūn al-Rashīd" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Open Library record, ISBN 9780810865686 ("Historical Dictionary of Iraq"). CC0 (metadata); book content not read. openlibrary.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Harun al-Rashid (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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