Humayun
The second Mughal emperor who lost and regained his empire.
Humayun was the second Mughal emperor, ruling from 1530 to 1540 and again from 1555 until his death in 1556.[1] On Tuesday, March 6, 1508, Māham Begum, Babur's favored wife, gave birth to Nasir al-Din Muhammad, later known as Humayun.[2]
Quick Facts
- Reign
- 26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540
- Predecessor
- Babur
- Regent
- Al-aman Mirza
- Successor
- Sher Shah Suri (as Sur Emperor)
- Birth name
- Nasir al-Din Muhammad
Facts from the source article.
Life and work
Humayun became king at age 23.[3] Humayun's first campaign was against Sher Shah Suri, but he abandoned it to focus on a threat from Gujarat.[4] Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah at the Battle of Chausa in June 1539 and saved his life by swimming across the Ganges.[5][6][3] He was soundly defeated again at the Battle of Kannauj on 17 May 1540, leading to 15 years of exile.[7]
After ascending the throne, Humayun faced rebellions from multiple brothers because he had divided the empire among them.[8][3] His successful campaign resulted in the acquisition of Gujarat, Malwa, Champaner, and the Mandu fort.[4] Mandu and Champaner forts fell within a month, after which he halted operations to secure his new holdings.[9] Sultan Bahadur managed to flee and, by 1536, had regained control of all Gujarat.[9]
During Humayun's absence, Sher Khan attacked Bengal and laid siege to its capital, Gaur.[5]
What the cited sources add
The Saifi account states that Humayun defeated the Afghans at Douhri in 1532.[3] According to Saifi, Humayun wasted nearly a year and a half at Agra spending money on a new city called Din Panah.[3] The same source states that Humayun "filled away" at the Battle of Bilgram.[3]
References
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Mehta, "Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India", Sterling Publishers, 1981, p. 108; Mitchiner, M. 1977. Oriental coins and their values: The world of Islam. London: Hawkins Publications. p. 378. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Prasad, "The Life and Times of Humayun", Orient Longmans, 1955, p. 1-Footnotes; Fazl, "The Akbarnama of Abu'l Fazl", The Asiatic Society, 1907, p. 285 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Saifi, "Top Interesting Facts about Humayun - TS HISTORICAL", 2023-01-15. facts only, no text reused. tshistorical.com
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Keay, "India : A History", HarperCollins, 2000, p. 298 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: : "Humayun's brief advance brought his army out of its prepared defensive position, and Sher Shah, having withdrawn a few miles, returned at night to find the M; Ruby Lal, "Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World", Cambridge University Press, 22 September 2005, p. 64 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sen, "A Textbook of Medieval Indian History", Primus Books, 2013, p. 154 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Saifi, "Top Interesting Facts about Humayun - TS HISTORICAL", 2023-01-15 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Humayun" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; Honchell, "Pursuing pleasure, attaining oblivion: the roles and uses of intoxicants at the Mughal court", University of Louisville, August 2010; V. D. Mahajan, "History of Medieval India", S. Chand, 2007, p. 25 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Humayun (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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