Explorers_And_Conquistadors Codexery

Heinrich Barth

German explorer who meticulously documented African cultures and history.

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He led a major scientific expedition across the Sahara and Sudan after his companions died, covering over 12,000 miles.[1] On 16 February 1821, the German explorer and scholar Heinrich Barth was born in Hamburg.[2][3] Historians of Africa still consult Barth's five-volume travel account as a key scientific reference on the continent's cultures.[4]

Life and work

He attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg from age eleven and excelled at languages, teaching himself some Arabic.[3][5] After leaving school in 1839, he enrolled at the University of Berlin, attending courses by geographer Karl Ritter and historian Jakob Grimm.[5] He returned to Hamburg on 27 December 1847 and published the first volume of his Mediterranean travels in 1849.[6][7] Barth joined James Richardson's British expedition to the Sudan in 1849, and after Richardson and Adolf Overweg died, he continued alone.[8][1]

Barth's parents, Johann Christoph Heinrich Barth and Charlotte Karoline née Zadow, were orthodox Lutherans, and he was their third child.[3] In July 1844, Barth successfully completed his doctoral defense, which examined ancient Corinth's trade connections.[9] Before crossing North Africa, Egypt, and the region from Palestine to Greece, Barth spent time in London studying Arabic and meeting the Prussian ambassador Christian von Bunsen.[10][6] Adamawa was first visited by a European in 1851, when Barth arrived there; he later reached Tripoli again in September 1855.[1]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Chisholm 1911 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Kirk-Greene 1962, p. 1; Wells, "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary", Longman, 2008, p. 665 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2]; Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2] (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Barth 1857–1858, p. [https://archive.org/stream/travelsanddisco10bartgoog#page/n29/mode/1up xxiii Vol 1]; Darwin 1868, p. [https://archive.org/stream/NHM_UK_L_2631475001#page/308/mode/1up 308] (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2] (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Chisholm 1911; Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2] (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Barth 1849, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RTtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR7 vii]; Kirk-Greene 1962, p. 1 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Prothero, "Heinrich Barth and the Western Sudan", The Geographical Journal, 1958, p. 326–337; Chisholm 1911 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2]; Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2]; Barth 1844; Kirk-Greene 1962, p. 1 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Heinrich Barth" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schubert 1897, p. [https://archive.org/stream/heinrichbarthder00schu#page/n18/mode/1up 1-2]; Barth 1849, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RTtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR7 vii]; Kirk-Greene 1962, p. 1 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Heinrich Barth (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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