Pandemic

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Lore & Background

Matt Leacock began designing the game in 2004 after realizing that competitive games were making for strained evenings with his wife. He based the Pandemic board game on the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. The game consists of a game board representing a network connecting 48 cities on a world map, two decks of cards (Player cards and Infection cards), four colors of cubes with 24 cubes each (each representing a different disease), six Research Stations, and a pawn for each role. Players start at Atlanta, the home of the Centers for Disease Control, and are given a random role and a number of Player cards based on the number of players. On each player's turn, there are four actions to take up, consisting of any combination of the eight possible actions. After taking their actions, the player draws two Player cards, reducing their hand down to seven cards if necessary. If either draw is an Epidemic card, the player moves the Infection rate marker one space, draws a card from the bottom of the Infection deck and places three cubes on that city, puts that card into the Infection discard pile, reshuffles the discard pile, and places it back on top of the Infection deck. After the two Player cards are drawn, a number of Infection cards are revealed, and one cube of the indicated color is placed on each city drawn. Should a city already have three cubes and a new cube is to be added, an Outbreak occurs, and each connected city gains one cube of that color. The game is over if the players either win (by discovering the cure for all four diseases) or lose (by having eight outbreaks, not having enough disease cubes of a color to place at any time, or not having enough Player cards when someone needs to draw).

Reader's Guide

Pandemic requires all players to coordinate their efforts to win the game, specifically in gathering and sharing the necessary cards to discover cures while moving in coordination around the board and preventing Outbreaks in an efficient manner. Players are given roles that allow them to alter the above rules. Five roles were introduced in the original core game, with seven in the second edition, but additional roles were added through the game's expansion. For example, the Medic is able to treat all cubes in a city with a single action or, once a cure for a disease has been found, can remove cubes of that color in the city they are in without spending an action, while the Scientist needs only four cards of the same color to discover the cure (instead of five). The players are also helped by the Event cards, which allow for similar one-time actions, such as direct removal of a few disease cubes or immediate construction of a research station. A criticism of the game, dubbed 'quarterbacking', is that there is a tendency for one player – the 'alpha gamer' – to control the game. However, this is not limited to Pandemic – other cooperative board games can also suffer from quarterbacking. Three expansions, Pandemic: On the Brink, Pandemic: In the Lab, and Pandemic: State of Emergency, co-designed by Matt Leacock and Tom Lehmann, each add several new roles and special events, as well as rule adjustments to allow a fifth player or to play in teams. In addition, several rule expansions are included, referred to as 'challenge kits'.

Did You Know?

• Matt Leacock began designing Pandemic in 2004 after realizing that competitive games were making for strained evenings with his wife.
• Leacock based the Pandemic board game on the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak.
• The game board represents a network connecting 48 cities on a world map.
• Pandemic Legacy: Season 1 ranks 3rd place on BoardGameGeek out of over 100,000 games.
• A common criticism of the game is 'quarterbacking', where one player tends to control the game.

Why It Matters (Editorial)

Pandemic is considered one of the most successful cooperative games that have reached mainstream market sales, condensing the strategic play offered by earlier cooperative games, like Arkham Horror, into a shorter, more accessible game that can be played by a broader range of players. Aside from expansions, several spinoffs have been released, most notably the Pandemic Legacy series, which encompasses three seasons (Season 1, Season 2, and Season 0), which adds an ongoing storyline and permanent changes to the game. The Pandemic Legacy games have been received with critical acclaim, with Season 1 ranking 3rd place on BoardGameGeek out of over 100,000 games.