Diplomacy
The art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states or other international actors.
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Its main distinctions are negotiation phases where players form and betray alliances, and the absence of dice or other random elements.[1] The game is designed for seven players, each controlling a major European power, but can be played with as few as two.[2] Allan B. Calhamer designed the strategic board game Diplomacy in 1954, and it first saw commercial release in the United States in 1959, with its setting being Europe in the years before the First World War.[1][2]
Making and release
Calhamer also drew inspiration from the card game Hearts and from chess.[3] The game has since been published by Games Research, Avalon Hill, Hasbro's Avalon Hill division, and Wizards of the Coast in the US, and licensed to other publishers including Parker Brothers, Waddingtons Games, Gibsons Games, and Asmodée Editions.[4][5] After larger companies turned it down, Calhamer personally financed a 500-copy print run of the 1959 version.[4] In 2017, the Calhamer estate auctioned off the very first copy from that initial print run.[6]
Among commercially published games, Diplomacy was the first to be played through the postal system (PBM).[7] Since the late 1980s, playing Diplomacy via email (PBEM) has become common.[7]
References
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Calhamer, "The Invention of Diplomacy", Games & Puzzles, January 1974; Parlett, "The Oxford History of Board Games", Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 361–362 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Diplomacy Rules 4th Edition (2000)", Avalon Hill (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Parlett, "The Oxford History of Board Games", Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 361–362; Calhamer, "The Invention of Diplomacy: A Brief Background on the Design", The Gamers' Guide to Diplomacy, 1993 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Van Gelder, "Modeling simultaneous events with default reasoning and tight derivations", The Journal of Logic Programming, 1990-01-01, p. 41–52 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Diplomacy", BoardGameGeek (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The first copy of Diplomacy, owned by creator Allan B. Calhamer, is on eBay", Tabletop Gaming UK, 30 March 2017 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Diplomacy (game)" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Miller, "What is njudge?", diplomatic-pouch.org (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Diplomacy (game) (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Diplomacy (game) (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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