Ancient & Medieval Military Leaders Codexery

Muqali

Mongol general and viceroy, undefeated in seven years of campaigning.

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He earned the epithet "Muqali" ('one who dulls') through his committed service.[1] The Mongol commander Muqali, who lived from 1170 to 1223, served as a trusted general for Genghis Khan.[1]

Life and work

Muqali was the third son of Gü'ün U'a, a Jalair leader who had sworn fealty to the Mongols.[1][2] During the 1206 coronation, Muqali was rewarded with command of the third tumen.[3] He played a prominent role in the 1211 Battle of Yehuling against the Jin dynasty.[3] Genghis Khan left Muqali as viceroy of Northern China when he invaded the Khwarazmian Empire.[4]

Muqali subdued most of northern China with a small force of around 20,000 Mongols.[4] He conquered major Jin strongholds in Shaanxi and Shanxi during his final campaign.[5] Muqali died in the spring of 1223 at age 53.[6]

What the cited sources add

The Cambridge History notes that Muqali conquered the strategic Jiazhou in November 1221.[5] By late 1222, Muqali had captured the strategically important city of Hezhong.[6] According to the same source, as he lay dying Muqali boasted that he had never suffered a defeat.[6]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hope, "Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran", Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 36 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: de Rachewiltz, I. (ed.) (1993) In the Service of the Khan, Harrassowitz Verlag, Weisbaden (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hope, "Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran", Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 36; Hope, "Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran", Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 36 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Broadbridge, "Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire", Cambridge University Press, 2018, p. 153; Hope, "Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran", Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 36; Broadbridge, "Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire", Cambridge University Press, 2018, p. 153; "Muqali - Mongolian general", Britannica; Buell, "Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire", ABC-Clio, 2016, p. 8–9; Denis C. Twitchett, Herbert Franke, John King Fairbank, "The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Reg en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368", Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 36; de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300)", Harrassowitz, 1993, p. 7; de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300)", Harrassowitz, 1993, p. 7; McLynn, "Genghis Khan The Man Who Conquered the World", Random House, 2015; de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the E en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Muqali" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300)", Harrassowitz, 1993, p. 7; "The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368", Cambridge University Press, 1978, p. 36; de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300)", Harrassowitz, 1993, p. 7; de Rachewiltz, "In the Service of the Khan Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300)", Harrassowitz, 1993, p. 7 (we also read en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Muqali (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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