Grenada
Island of Spice
Grenada is an archipelagic country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The southernmost of the Windward Islands, Grenada is directly south of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and about 100 miles north of Trinidad and the South American mainland. It consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Petite Martinique, and several small islands that lie to the north of the main island and are a part of the Grenadines. Its size is 344 km², with an estimated population of 114,621 in 2024. Its capital is St. George's.
Quick Facts
- Capital
- St. George's
- Region
- Caribbean; Windward Islands
- Official language
- English
- Currency
- East Caribbean Dollar
Lore & Background
Before the arrival of Europeans in the Americas, Grenada was inhabited by Indigenous peoples from South America called Kalinago. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the Americas. Following several unsuccessful attempts by Europeans to colonise the island, due to resistance from resident Kalinago people, French settlement and colonisation began in 1649 and continued for the next century. Between 1669 and 1808, according to the Voyages database, approximately 127,600 enslaved Africans were brought to Grenada by the British and French. On 10 February 1763, Grenada was ceded to the British under the Treaty of Paris. British rule continued until 1974 (except for a brief French takeover between 1779 and 1783). From 1958 to 1962, Grenada was part of the Federation of the West Indies. On 3 March 1967, it was granted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an Associated State. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974 under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first prime minister of Grenada as a sovereign state. The new country became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New JEWEL Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a bloodless coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as prime minister. Bishop was later arrested and executed by members of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA), which was used to justify a U.S.-led invasion in October 1983. The current head of state is King Charles III, King of Grenada, who is represented by the Governor-General of Grenada.
Reader's Guide
Grenada is also known as the 'Island of Spice' due to its production of nutmeg and mace. The origin of the name 'Grenada' is obscure, but Spanish sailors likely named the island for the city of Granada. The name 'Granada' was recorded by Spanish maps in the 1520s and referred to the islands to the north as Los Granadillos ('Little Granadas'). The French maintained the name (as 'La Grenade' in French) after settlement and colonisation in 1649. On 10 February 1763, the island of La Grenade was ceded to the British under the Treaty of Paris. The British renamed it 'Grenada', one of many place-name anglicisations they made there. The island was given its first European name by Christopher Columbus, who sighted it on his third voyage to the region in 1498 and named it 'La Concepción' in honour of the Virgin Mary. Reportedly, he may have actually named it 'Assumpción', but this is uncertain, as he is said to have sighted what are now Grenada and Tobago from a distance and named them both at the same time. However, it became accepted that he named Tobago 'Assumpción' and Grenada 'La Concepción'. The year after, Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci travelled through the region with the Spanish explorer Alonso de Ojeda and mapmaker Juan de la Cosa. Vespucci is reported to have renamed the island 'Mayo', although this is the only map where the name appears. The Indigenous Arawak who once lived on the island before the arrival of the Europeans gave the name Camajuya.
More in North & South American Nations
Elsewhere in World Atlas
Spotted an error? Know more?
Reader corrections go straight into our review queue. Suggest an edit · How this site is sourced