Myokymia
Localized muscle quivering, often benign but sometimes indicating neurological disease.
Myokymia is an involuntary, spontaneous, localized quivering of a few muscles or bundles within a muscle that does not move a joint. It is commonly used to describe eyelid muscle contractions, typically involving the lower eyelid, which occur in normal individuals and usually resolve spontaneously. In contrast, facial myokymia may indicate underlying neurological conditions such as brainstem tumors or multiple sclerosis.
Quick Facts
- Field
- Neurology
Facts from the source article.
Causes
Common contributing factors for benign, transient eyelid myokymia include digital screen time, with a case-control study showing significantly higher screen time in affected individuals and a strong dose–response relationship. Higher caffeine intake, fatigue, and poor sleep quality are also associated. Eyelid myokymia has been reported as a side effect of topiramate, resolving upon discontinuation. Although magnesium deficiency is often suggested, two cross-sectional studies found no association between serum magnesium levels and benign eyelid myokymia; severe hypomagnesemia causes widespread neuromuscular excitability distinct from isolated eyelid twitching. Persistent or progressive eyelid myokymia, or facial myokymia, may indicate multiple sclerosis, brainstem lesions such as pontine glioma, or neuromyotonia. Superior oblique myokymia is a distinct entity caused by neurovascular compression of the trochlear nerve.
Treatment
Many doctors commonly recommend a warm compress applied to the eyes to relieve muscle tension and reduce swelling, along with a small dosage of antihistamine to reduce swelling from possible allergic reactions. Increased bed rest, decreased exposure to computer screens, televisions, and harsh lighting, and monitoring caffeine intake are also advised, as controlled caffeine can increase blood flow while excess may trigger twitching.
More in Symptoms and Signs: Musculoskeletal System
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