John Knox
Scottish minister who led the country's Protestant Reformation.
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via Wikipedia: John Knox · see source
Life and work
Knox's father William was a merchant, and his mother died when Knox was a child.[3] He became tutor to the sons of Hugh Douglas and John Cockburn, both lairds who embraced Reformation ideas.[4][5] Knox was chosen as preacher by the castle congregation, though he initially fled to his room in distress.[4] Following the castle's surrender, he was forced to row in French galleys and was threatened with torture if he did not venerate the mass.[6][7]
Knox was released in February 1549 after 19 months of imprisonment.[8] After Mary Tudor restored Roman Catholicism, Knox fled to the Continent in January 1554.[5][4] He visited Geneva, where he asked John Calvin four political questions about rulership and resistance.[9] It is probable that Knox received his early education at the Knox Academy grammar school located in Haddington, and his studies were under the direction of the scholar John Major.[4][1]
Following Wishart's arrest, Knox managed to evade capture because he heeded Wishart's counsel to go back to his work as a tutor.[5] After his release, Knox sought safety in England, and on 7 April 1549 he received a license to minister within the Church of England.[4][5] Knox entered into marriage with Margery Bowes, a union that was opposed by her father and her brother.[2][10]
References
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: . According to MacGregor, a "John Knox" is recorded to have enrolled at the University of Glasgow in 1522. However, the name John Knox was quite common, and the; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; ; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; . Until David Hay Fleming published new research in 1904, John Knox was thought to have been born in 1505. Fleming's conclusion was that Knox was born between; ; ; ; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ;; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; . Reid suggests that some of Knox's friends may have appealed to the King of France. Ridley surmises that Knox's health was so poor that he was of no use for ; Jordan, W. K., The Chronicle and Political Papers of Edward VI, London (1966), p. 38, Edward VI wrote the prisoners were previously released for his sake: CSP S (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Hughes, Philip Edgcumbe., "The register of the Company of Pastors of Geneva in the time of Calvin", Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2004; (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John Knox" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ;; ; . Reid notes that Knox's letters to Elizabeth changed in January 1553 when he started to address her as his mother rather than his sister. He speculates that ; ; (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article John Knox (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: John Knox (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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