Primates Codexery

Hominini

Taxonomic tribe comprising humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos.

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Hominini is a taxonomic tribe that includes humans and their closest fossil relatives.[1] The membership of this tribe is defined differently by various researchers, sometimes including chimpanzees and sometimes excluding them.[2][3]

Scientific classification

  1. KingdomAnimalia
  2. PhylumChordata
  3. InfraclassPlacentalia
  4. OrderPrimates
  5. SuperfamilyHominoidea
  6. FamilyHominidae

Named by Arambourg, 1948

Sources: Wikipedia taxobox: Hominini (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Quick Facts

Type genus
Homo

Facts from the source article.

Biology and range

The divergence of a proto-human lineage from Pan was a complex process of speciation and hybridization.[4] Different chromosomes appear to have split at different times, with hybridization possibly occurring as late as 6.3 to 5.4 million years ago.[5] Both Sahelanthropus and Orrorin existed during the estimated chimpanzee–human speciation events between eight and four million years ago.[4] One study found that the mix of genes is only 94 percent identical.[6]

Phylogenetic analyses of genetic data have demonstrated that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas form a clade that excludes orangutans, contrary to earlier classifications that grouped the latter with the former as pongids.[2] The subfamilies Homininae and Ponginae are estimated, based on combined genetic and fossil evidence, to have shared a most recent common ancestor approximately 15 million years ago.[7] According to genome sequencing results, humans share roughly 99% of their DNA with chimpanzees and bonobos, while gorillas share about 98%.[8] Fossil remains that can be unambiguously assigned to the direct ancestry of the genus Pan are extremely scarce.[4]

What the specialist sources record

Taylor notes that Sivapithecus is the best-known fossil pongine, with species from India dating from about 12.8 to 7.4 million years ago.[9] Wong's 2014 Scientific American article states that chimpanzees and bonobos share approximately 99 percent of human DNA.[8] Minkel's 2006 Scientific American article reports that researchers found the gene mix between humans and chimpanzees is only 94 percent identical.[6]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Andrews, "Interpreting the Past", 2005, p. 103–121; Diogo, "Developmental Approaches to Human Evolution", 2015, p. 167–204; Worthington, "New approaches to late Miocene hominoid systematics: Ranking morphological characters by phylogenetic signal", 2012 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: McNulty, "Hominin Taxonomy and Phylogeny: What's In A Name?", Nature Education Knowledge, 2016, p. 2; McNulty, "Hominin Taxonomy and Phylogeny: What's In A Name?", Nature Education Knowledge, 2016, p. 2 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Coyne, "Why evolution is true", Penguin Books, 2009, p. 197–208, 244, 248; Dunbar, "Human evolution", Pelican, 2014; Potts, "What does it mean to be human?", National Geographic Society, 2010, p. 34; ; Wood, "Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology", Journal of Anatomy, 2000, p. 19–60; Coyne, "Why evolution is true", Penguin Books, 2009, p. 197–208, 244, 248 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "First fossil chimpanzee", Nature, 2005, p. 105–108 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Patterson, "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees", Nature, June 2006, p. 1103–8 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Minkel, J. R., "Humans and chimps: close but not that close", Scientific American, 19 December 2006. facts only, no text reused. scientificamerican.com
  7. Wikipedia, "Hominini" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Balter, "Fossils May Pinpoint Critical Split Between Apes and Monkeys", Science, 15 May 2013 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wong, "Tiny genetic differences between humans and other primates pervade the genome", Scientific American, 1 September 2014. facts only, no text reused. scientificamerican.com
  9. Taylor, "Old men of the woods", Palaeos, 2011. facts only, no text reused. palaeos.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Hominini (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

Related entries

Named in this entry

Hominidae

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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