John VI of Portugal
King of Portugal and Brazil, regent, and last absolute monarch.
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His childhood was quiet, lived in the shadow of his older brother José, the heir apparent.[1] Upon the death of his grandfather, John was aged ten when his mother became queen.[1]
Life and work
In 1785, Henrique de Meneses arranged John's marriage to Infanta Carlota Joaquina of Spain, who was only ten years old.[2] John wrote to his sister that his young bride was "very smart" but he could not love her equally.[2] He fell seriously ill in the year after his brother's death, and again in 1791 with bleeding from the mouth and intestines.[3] John's arrival transformed Rio, doubling rents and causing food shortages that dispelled popular enthusiasm.[4]
He created many institutions in Brazil, though the predominant idea was that Brazil would remain a colony.[5] After his mother's death in 1816, John assumed the throne but was not acclaimed king until February 1818.[6][7] The marriage needed a papal dispensation because the couple were second cousins and because the bride was only ten years old.[2] John was noted for his deep religious faith and his support for absolute monarchy, which set him apart from his brother's more progressive views.[3]
References
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Pedreira, Jorge e Costa, Fernando Dores. D. João VI: um príncipe entre dois continentes. Companhia das Letras, 2008, pp. 31–35. In Portuguese. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Pedreira e Costa, pp. 38–43 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Pedreira e Costa, pp. 42–54 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Fernandes, Cláudia Alves & Fernandes Junior, Ricardo de Oliveira. "Dom João VI: arquiteto da emancipação brasileira". In: XXII Simpósio de História do Vale do P; Oliveira, Anelise Martinelli Borges. "Dom João VI no Rio de Janeiro: preparando o novo cenário". In: Revista História em Reflexão: Vol. 2 n. 4 – UFGD – Dourados; Lima, Carollina Carvalho Ramos de. "Viajantes estrangeiros na corte de Dom João". In: Anais do II Fórum de Artigos Multidisciplinares, Uni-FACEF Centro Universi; Gomes, pp. 136–151 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Loyola, Leandro. "A nova história de Dom João VI" . In: Revista Época, nº 506, 30 January 2008. In Portuguese.; Bandeira, Moniz. Casa da Torre de Garcia d'Avila. Editora Record, 2000, pp. 423–425 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "John VI of Portugal" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Amaral, Manuel. "João VI". In: Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume III, 2000–201 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Amaral, Manuel. "João VI". In: Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume III, 2000–201. facts only, no text reused. arqnet.pt
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article John VI of Portugal (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: John VI of Portugal (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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