Shapur I's first Roman campaign

Shapur I's first Roman campaign (240–244) was the first of three victorious campaigns the Persian king led against the Roman Empire. It began with Shapur I's attack in 240, prompting Emperor Gordian III to counter-attack. After an initial Roman victory at the battle of Resaena, the Persians decisively defeated a Roman army at the battle of Misiche, where Gordian III was killed. The new emperor, Philip the Arab, then signed a treaty that included a payment of 500,000 denarii.