Nibelungenlied
Medieval German epic based on oral heroic legend.
Last updated
via Wikipedia: Nibelungenlied · see source
The heroic epic known as the Nibelungenlied, whose author is not named, is typically assigned a composition date near 1200.[1][2] UNESCO added the three principal Nibelungenlied manuscripts to its Memory of the World Register during 2009.[3]
Quick Facts
- Language
- Middle High German
- Genre
- Heroic epic
- Region of origin
- Passau (likely)
- Also known as
- Der Nibelunge liet or Der Nibelunge nôt
- Manuscripts extant
- 37 known manuscripts and fragments
Facts from the source article.
Making and release
The poem is anonymous, and no other medieval poet refers to its author.[1] The poem is thought to have been composed under the patronage of Wolfger von Erla, Bishop of Passau (reigned 1191–1204).[4] Wolfram von Eschenbach references the Nibelungenlied's character Rumolt in his romance Parzival (c. 1204/5), providing an upper bound for the epic's composition.[2] The three oldest complete manuscripts are the Hohenems-Munich manuscript A (c. 1275–1300), the Sankt Gall manuscript B (c. 1233–1266), and the Hohenems-Donaueschingen manuscript C (c. 1225–1250).[5]
A single creator is hypothesized for the poem, potentially collaborating within a "Nibelungen workshop" alongside the individual who wrote the Nibelungenklage.[1] The text gives prominence to Bishop Pilgrim of Passau, a figure of minor historical importance, which serves as an indirect tribute to Wolfger.[4] The poem's rhyme patterns show the strongest similarity to those employed from 1190 through 1205.[2] Around 1500 the poem fell into obscurity, and it was not rediscovered until 1755.[3]
What the cited sources add
The Handschriftencensus lists multiple modern editions of the Nibelungenlied, including those by Helmut Brackert, Hermann Reichert, and Ursula Schulze.[6] Cyril Edwards produced an edition titled "The Nibelungenlied".[6] William Whobrey edited "The Nibelungenlied with The Klage".[6] Walter Kofler served as editor for both "Nibelungenlied und Klage" and a separate edition titled "Nibelungenlied".[6]
Joachim Heinzle edited the work "Das Nibelungenlied und die Klage".[6]
References
- Wikipedia, "Nibelungenlied" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Curschmann 1987, p. 935; Millet 2008, p. 192; Müller 2009, p. 48-49; Lienert 2015, p. 34; Bumke 1996, p. 559, 590–595; Lienert 2015, p. 34; Müller 2009, p. 48-49; Heinzle 2013, p. 1002 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nibelungenlied" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Millet 2008, p. 192; Lienert 2015, p. 34 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nibelungenlied" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Designated as A (today in Munich, Bayerische Staatsbiblitohek), B (today in St. Gallen, Stiftsbiblitohek) and C (today in Karlsruhe, Baden State Library); UNESCO 2009; Garland Garland 1997 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nibelungenlied" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Müller 2009, p. 48-49 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Nibelungenlied" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Heinzle 2013, p. 1002; Müller 2009, p. 48-49; Heinzle 2013, p. 1002; Lienert 2015, p. 34 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- See Handschriftencensus. facts only, no text reused. handschriftencensus.de
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Nibelungenlied (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Nibelungenlied (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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