Indonesian Cities Codexery

Ternate

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Where it is

Street map of the area around Ternate; the red dot marks 0°46′48″N 127°22′55″E
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors

Coordinates: 0°46′48″N 127°22′55″E (0.7800, 127.3820) · Open in OpenStreetMap

Coordinates and connected clubs: the infobox of Wikipedia: Ternate (CC BY-SA 4.0). Map: drawn by Codexery from OpenStreetMap tiles.

The city comprises five islands: Ternate, Moti, Hiri, Tifure, and Mayau.[1] Within the Maluku Islands of Indonesia, the island and city of Ternate holds the title of North Maluku province's most populous urban center.[1] Sofifi, located on Halmahera, assumed the role of provincial capital in 2010, a position Ternate had previously held on a de facto basis.[1]

Geography and history

The island belongs to the Ring of Fire and experiences frequent volcanic activity and earthquakes.[2] The Ternate Kingdom, originally called the Kingdom of Gapi, was founded around 1250 when people from Halmahera settled near Gamalama mountain.[3] In 1257, the tribal chiefs chose Cico as the first collective ruler, who adopted the title Kolano meaning "king"[4] The kingdom officially became an Islamic sultanate under Zainal Abidin (1468–1500).[5]

Mount Gamalama, a volcano, dominates the landscape of Ternate, an island situated to the west of Halmahera's coast.[1][2] Eruptions in 1840, 1980, 1983, 1994, and 2011 have occurred, with the 1840 event destroying the majority of homes.[6] As a significant port, Ternate became a central hub for the spice trade, vying for dominance with its competitor, Tidore.[5]

What the cited sources add

The Lonely Planet guide notes that Ternate and Tidore were the world's major clove producers, making their sultans among the wealthiest in the Indonesian region.[7] According to the same source, a large portion of the wealth generated from cloves was spent by the rulers on conflicts with one another.[7] The Historical Atlas of Indonesia notes that Ternate was locked in intense rivalry with Tidore for dominance over its surrounding territories.[8] Historian Leonard Andaya, as cited in the same atlas, characterized the "dualistic" competition between Ternate and Tidore as a key feature of early Maluku history.[8]

Clove tree groves are found in the foothills, and it is possible to hike to the volcano's summit, according to the Lonely Planet guide.[9] The same guide mentions that Tolire Lake, which contains crocodiles, is situated in the northwestern part of Ternate island.[9]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.; Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.; Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Ternate Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.8271) (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Indonesia quake triggers brief tsunami alert", BBC News Asia, 15 November 2014 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Media, "Sejarah Berdirinya Kerajaan Ternate Halaman all", KOMPAS.com, 2021-05-01; "Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)"; "Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)"; "Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Citra Daerah Kota Ternate (ANRI)" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Witton, "Indonesia", Lonely Planet, 2003, p. 821–822; "Indonesia Closes Airport after Volcano Erupts", December 5, 2011 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Witton, "Indonesia", Lonely Planet, 2003, p. 821–822; Syed, "Concise History of Islam", Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, 2011, p. 332 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Cribb, "Historical Atlas of Indonesia", Routledge, 2013, p. 103 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Ternate" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Witton, "Indonesia", Lonely Planet, 2003, p. 821–822 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Ternate (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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Sources

Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.

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