Māori people
Indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand.
Last updated
Nearly a quarter of Māori (23.3%) live in the Auckland region alone.[1] According to the March 2023 census, 978,246 individuals reported Māori descent, which equals 19.6% of New Zealand's total population.[1][2]
Life and work
The introduction of the potato revolutionised Māori agriculture.[3] By the 1860s, rising settler numbers and tensions over disputed land led to the New Zealand wars.[4] Since the 1960s, Māoridom has undergone a cultural revival concurrent with activism for social justice.[5] Moa and other large birds that had not been hunted previously were part of the early Māori diet.[6]
Strategic locations saw the construction of fortified pā because of intermittent warfare triggered by wrongdoings or competition for resources.[7] Writing was rapidly embraced by Māori as a tool for exchanging ideas, leading to the transcription of numerous oral narratives and poems.[3] To facilitate assimilation and increase land sales to Europeans, the Native Land Court was created to convert Māori land from communal to individual ownership.[8] In 1982, Kōhanga reo, which are Māori language pre-schools, were founded to encourage the use of the Māori language.[5]
What the cited sources add
The Te Ao Māori News report notes that the 2018 census had a record low turnout of only 68% of Māori filling out forms.[1] The 2023 census data was released on Te Whata, an iwi-designed and operated platform.[1] This release was made possible under the Mana Ōrite Relationship agreement between the Data Iwi Leaders Group and Stats NZ.[1] The Māori population grew 12.5% between 2018 and 2023.[1]
Manning's 1863 account describes Māori customs and character from the perspective of a "Pakeha Maori".[9] Iwi organisations like Te Rūnanga o Whaingaroa were given the job of motivating Māori to complete the 2018 census.[1]
References
- "Māori population hit 978,246 in 2023, almost 20 per cent of New Zealand", Te Ao Māori News. facts only, no text reused. teaonews.co.nz
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Māori population hit 978,246 in 2023, almost 20 per cent of New Zealand", Te Ao Māori News; "First results from the 2023 Census – older, more diverse population, and an extra 300,000 people between censuses Stats NZ", stats.govt.nz; "Ethnicity (detailed single / combination), age, and gender for the census usually resident population count, (RC, TALB, SA2, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses", explore.data.stats.govt.nz (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Swarbrick, "Creative life – Writing and publishing", June 2010; Manning, "Old New Zealand: being Incidents of Native Customs and Character in the Old Times by 'A Pakeha Maori': Chapter 13", 1863; McLintock, "Maori health and welfare", 1966; Davis, "Moriori – The impact of new arrivals"; Entwisle, "Estimating a population devastated by epidemics", Otago Daily Times, 20 October 2006; Pool, "Estimates of New Zealand Maori Vital Rates from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to World War I", Population Studies, March 1973, p. 117–125 (we also read that en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Land confiscation law passed", nzhistory.govt.nz, 18 November 2016 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Māori – Urbanisation and renaissance"; "Time Line of events 1950–2000", Schools @ Look4; "Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust"; "Māori Television Launch Television", nzonscreen.com; Māori Television, "Maori Television launches second channel", Whakaata Māori, 9 March 2008; "Māori Words used in New Zealand English", Māori Language.net (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Ngā Kākano", Te Papa; "The Moa Hunters", 1966; Austin, "The Wairau Bar", The Prow, 2008; McFadgen, "Tectonic activity and the history of Wairau Bar, New Zealand's iconic site of early settlement", Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 18 February 2018, p. 459–473; McFadgen, "Tectonic activity and the history of Wairau Bar, New Zealand's iconic site of early settlement", Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 18 February 2018, p. 459–473 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Wilson, "Māori arrival and settlement", Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 2020; Keenan, "Huia histories of Māori: ngā tāhuhu kōrero", Huia, 2012; "Māori sites", Department of Conservation; Belich, "Modern racial stereotypes", Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 5 May 2011; Godfery, "Warrior race? Pull the other one", E-Tangata, 22 August 2015; Matthews, "'Cunning, deceitful savages': 200 years of Māori bad press", Stuff, 2 June 2018 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Māori people" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Māori Land – What Is It and How Is It Administered?", Office of the Auditor-General (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Manning, "Old New Zealand: being Incidents of Native Customs and Character in the Old Times by 'A Pakeha Maori': Chapter 13", 1863. facts only, no text reused. gutenberg.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Māori people (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Māori people (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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