Jawaharlal Nehru
India's first prime minister and architect of its modern secular democracy.
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad to Motilal Nehru and Swarup Rani Thussu.[1][2] He served as India's first prime minister from independence in 1947 until his death in 1964.[3][4] India celebrates Children's Day on 14 November, which is the date of Nehru's birth.[4][1]
Quick Facts
- Office
- Prime Minister of India
- Took office
- 15 August 1947
- Left office
- 27 May 1964
- Monarch
- George VI (until 1950)
- President
- Rajendra Prasad (from 1950), Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
- Governor general
- Lord Mountbatten, C. Rajagopalachari (until 1950)
- Deputy
- Vallabhbhai Patel (until 1950)
- Successor
- Gulzarilal Nanda (acting); Lal Bahadur Shastri
Facts from the source article.
Life and work
He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge with a degree in natural science in 1910.[5] In 1929, Nehru drafted the Indian Declaration of Independence and hoisted the tricolour flag in Lahore.[6][7] He was imprisoned multiple times between 1921 and 1945, spending over nine years in detention.[8] Upon India's independence, Nehru gave the "Tryst with Destiny" speech and raised the Indian flag at the Red Fort.[4]
Nehru received his early education from private tutors and governesses at home, and in 1905 he began attending Harrow, a well-known school in England.[9][2][10] In 1912, after completing his legal studies at the Inner Temple, Nehru was admitted to the Bar.[11] Nehru and Kamala Kaul were married in March 1916; their daughter Indira was born the following year.[12][10] As prime minister, Nehru advanced parliamentary democracy, secularism, and scientific and technological development.[3]
Nehru suffered a fatal heart attack while still in office, on 27 May 1964.[4][10]
What the cited sources add
The same source states that playwright George Bernard Shaw joked he would keep Nehru in jail because his best writings were penned there.[2] Another Hindustan Times article reports that Nehru established institutions including IITs, AIIMS, and IIMs.[10] That article also states that Nehru laid the foundation for the National Defence Academy and the Atomic Energy Commission.[10] The Hindustan Times account notes that Nehru signed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence with China in 1954.[10]
It further reports that Nehru was a prolific writer who authored The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and his autobiography Toward Freedom.[10] According to a Hindustan Times article, while traveling by train in 1919, Nehru overheard Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer boasting about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.[2]
References
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Zachariah 2004, p. 11 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Jawaharlal Nehru: Architect of modern India", Hindustan Times, 14 November 2019. facts only, no text reused. hindustantimes.com
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU", Indian National Congress (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Jawaharlal Nehru: Architect of modern India", Hindustan Times, 14 November 2019 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Moraes 2007, p. 21 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Gandhi, "Patel: A Life", Navajivan Publishing House, 28 November 1991, p. 171; Gandhi, "Patel: A Life", Navajivan Publishing House, 28 November 1991, p. 171; Gandhi, "Patel: A Life", Navajivan Publishing House, 28 November 1991, p. 171; "Purna Swaraj: The Demand for Full Independence 26 January 1930", indiaofthepast.org (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Khalid, "Republic Day story: On Ravi's banks, a pledge that shaped the course of modern India 88 years ago", Scroll.in, 26 January 2018 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Nanda 2007, p. 25; Zachariah 2004, p. 11; Nanda 2007, p. 25; Nanda 2007, p. 25 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Moraes 2007, p. 21; Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind, "Nehru and History", History and Theory, 1978, p. 311–322 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Jawaharlal Nehru: Freedom struggle icon, maker of modern India", Hindustan Times, 2 December 2020. facts only, no text reused. hindustantimes.com
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Sen, Zoë Keshap C. 1964. "Jawaharlal Nehru." Civilisations 14(1/2):25–39. .; Misra, Om Prakash. 1995. Economic Thought of Gandhi and Nehru: A Comparative Analysis. M.D. Publications. . pp. 49–65.; Sen, Zoë Keshap C. 1964. "Jawaharlal Nehru." Civilisations 14(1/2):25–39. .; Moraes 2007, p. 21 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Jawaharlal Nehru" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Ghose 1993, p. 25; Ghose 1993, p. 25; Moraes 2007, p. 21; Moraes 2007, p. 21; Ghose 1993, p. 25; Moraes 2007, p. 21; Nanda 2007, p. 25 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Jawaharlal Nehru (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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