Historical Figures Codexery

Deng Xiaoping

Architect of modern China and paramount leader from 1978 to 1989

From 1978 until 1989, Deng Xiaoping acted as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China, having been a revolutionary, statesman, and political theorist.[1] Deng Xiaoping Theory and socialism with Chinese characteristics are the concepts for which Deng is known as the "architect of modern China."[1]

Quick Facts

Office
Chairman of the; Central Advisory Commission

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

At age 15, Deng traveled to France to participate in the Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement.[2][3] After Mao's death, Deng consolidated power and launched reform and opening up policies that introduced market incentives and special economic zones.[1][4] He ordered the crackdown on the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.[5] Deng Xiaoping came into the world on 22 August 1904 in Guang'an, a district within Sichuan province.[6]

While in France, Deng encountered several individuals who would later become leaders of the CCP, and during June 1923 he became a member of the Chinese Communist Youth League.[7] Within the Huaihai Campaign, Deng held a significant role fighting against the nationalist forces.[8] Under the "one country, two systems" framework, Deng was responsible for arranging the transfer of Hong Kong and Macau back to China.[4]

What the cited sources add

A 1991 UPI report noted that Deng quit smoking at age 86, having been a heavy smoker for many years.[9] The "Man Who Re-Invented China" account states that Deng launched his "Southern Tour" in spring 1992 to accelerate market reforms.[10] Gregor Benton's assessment notes that Deng was Time magazine's Man of the Year twice, in 1978 and 1985.[11] That biography also reports that at five Deng entered an old-fashioned private pre-school and at seven a modern primary school.[12]

The same source characterizes Deng as nationalistic, pragmatic, and authoritarian, and also reports that by 1978 China's per capita income stood at just $40.[10] According to the China.org.cn biography, Deng's father, Deng Wenming, attended the Chengdu School of Law and Political Science.[12]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Faison, "Deng Xiaoping is Dead at 92; Architect of Modern China", The New York Times, 20 February 1997; "Deng Xiaoping: Architect of modern China", China Daily, 2014; Vogel 2011, p. 684 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Marquis, "Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise", Yale University Press, 2022 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Spence, Jonathan (1999), "In Search of Modern China", 310 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Denmark, "40 years ago, Deng Xiaoping changed China — and the world", The Washington Post (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Wu, "Why China's Political Reforms Failed", The Diplomat, 4 June 2015 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Yingcong Dai, "The Sichuan Frontier and Tibet: Imperial Strategy in the Early Qing", University of Washington Press, 2009, p. 25– (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bailey, "The Chinese Work-Study Movement in France", The China Quarterly, 1988, p. 441–461 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Deng Xiaoping" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: GREGOR BENTON, "Assessing Deng Xiaoping", jacobinmag.com, 20 January 2019 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. "Deng Xiaoping quits smoking", UPI, 1 April 1991. facts only, no text reused. upi.com
  10. "The Man Who Re-Invented China", origins.osu.edu, 17 September 2012. facts only, no text reused. origins.osu.edu
  11. GREGOR BENTON, "Assessing Deng Xiaoping", jacobinmag.com, 20 January 2019. facts only, no text reused. jacobinmag.com
  12. "Deng Xiaoping – Childhood", China.org.cn. facts only, no text reused. china.org.cn

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Deng Xiaoping (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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