Augustus
Founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor.
The Senate granted him the honorific "Augustus" in 27 BC.[1]
Last updated 2026-10-02 from the source article.
Quick Facts
- Successor
- Tiberius
- Birth name
- Gaius Octavius
- Birthplace
- Rome
- Place of death
- Nola, Roman Italy
- Burial place
- Mausoleum of Augustus, Rome
- Issue
- Julia the Elder
- Adopted:
- Gaius Caesar
- Lucius Caesar
- Agrippa Postumus
- Tiberius
Facts from the source article.
Life and work
After his father died in 59 or 58 BC, Octavius's mother married consul Lucius Marcius Philippus.[2] He delivered his first public speech at the funeral of his grandmother Julia in 52 or 51 BC.[2] Octavius later freed Sphaerus and gave him a state funeral in 40 BC.[2] Octavius accepted the will on 8 May 44 BC and took the name Gaius Julius Caesar.[3]
Octavian was inducted as a senator on 1 January 43 BC with Cicero's support.[4] His education in reading, writing, arithmetic, and Greek was provided by a Greek slave tutor whose name was Sphaerus.[2] By June, a force of 3,000 soldiers had been assembled by him, with each receiving a 500 denarii bonus.[5]
What the cited sources add
After protests led by Hortensia, the taxes on women were scaled back considerably.[6] They brought back property taxes, established new levies on slaves, and then required assessments of the property of wealthy women.[6]
References
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Eck Takács 2007, p. 57 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Galinsky 2012, p. 75–76 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: and , citing among others: ; ; ; . See also , , , , and . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Fishwick 2004, p. 250 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Goldsworthy 2014, p. 101 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Augustus" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: . After protests led by Hortensia, the taxes on women were scaled back considerably. states that the list of roughly 1,400 women listed for making contributions (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Augustus (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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