Historical Figures Codexery

Albrecht Dürer

German Renaissance painter, printmaker, and theorist of Nuremberg.

Albrecht Dürer was a German painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance, born 21 May 1471 and died 6 April 1528.[1] He was the third child and second son of goldsmith Albrecht Dürer the Elder and Barbara Holper.[2] Autobiographical writings left by Dürer and his widespread fame by his mid-twenties account for the extensive documentation of his life.[3]

Quick Facts

Other names
  • Ajtósi Adalbert
  • Albrecht Durer
  • Albrecht Duerer
Born
21 May 1471
Birthplace
Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire
Died
6 April 1528
Movement
Northern Renaissance
Field
Painting, printmaking
Spouse
Agnes Frey (1494)

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

Dürer learned goldsmithing and drawing from his father before apprenticing to Michael Wolgemut at age fifteen in 1486.[3] After completing his apprenticeship, he spent about four years traveling, possibly to work under Martin Schongauer, who died before Dürer's arrival in 1492.[4] He married Agnes Frey on 7 July 1494 following an arrangement made during his absence.[5] Dürer made two visits to Italy that had an enormous influence on him, studying Venice's more advanced artistic world.[6]

He created his three most famous engravings in 1513 and 1514: Knight, Death and the Devil, St. Jerome in His Study, and Melencolia I.[7] In 1515, Dürer created his woodcut of a rhinoceros based on a written description and sketch, never seeing the animal himself.[8] Maximilian I was Dürer's most important patron, though he was a cash-strapped prince who sometimes failed to pay.[9] Dürer journeyed to the Netherlands in 1520 to renew his imperial pension and secure patronage from the new emperor Charles V.[10]

He produced no paintings from 1513 to 1516, complaining that painting did not make enough money compared to his prints.[11]

What the cited sources add

The Star Tales account by Ridpath states that Dürer's 1515 star charts were the first printed star charts from Europe, though earlier woodcut charts existed in China.[12] Ridpath explains that Dürer usually gets sole credit for these woodcuts, but he was only one of three authors involved.[12] The exhibition was held at Dürer's former home and workplace from 1509 until his death in 1528.[13] According to Heaton's account, Hans Dürer, the brother of Albrecht, became a painter who studied under his older sibling.[14][15]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Wells, "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary", Longman, 2008; "Albrecht", Langenscheidt; "Dürer Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition", Duden; Wells, "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary", Longman, 2008 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.; Bartrum, 93, n. 1.; Heaton, "The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works", Seeley, Jackson and Halliday, 1881, p. 29, 31–32; Bartrum, 93, n. 1.; "Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary", Hungarian-Ottoman Wars, 4 May 2020 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 10. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Giulia Bartrum, Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy, British Museum Press, 2002, .<sup>Page missing.</sup> (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "German, Flemish and Dutch Painting", Scribner and Welford, 1881, p. 24 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Lee, Raymond L.; Alistair B. Fraser (2001). The Rainbow Bridge. Penn State Press, .; Lee, Raymond L.; Alistair B. Fraser (2001). The Rainbow Bridge. Penn State Press, . (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Knight, Death, and the Devil, 1513–14". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 11 September 2020. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Giulia Bartrum, Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy, British Museum Press, 2002, .<sup>Page missing.</sup>; Ridpath, "Dürer's hemispheres of 1515 – The first European printed star charts", Star Tales (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  9. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: McCorquodale, "The Renaissance: European Painting, 1400–1600", Studio Editions, 1994, p. 261; Cust, "The Engravings of Albrecht Dürer", Seeley and Co., 1905, p. 66; Brion, "Dürer: His Life and Work", Tudor Publishing Company, 1960, p. 233; Innes, "Schools of Painting", G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1911, p. 214; Schäfer, "Erfolgreiche Medienarbeit für die Nachwelt", Kulturfüchsin, 27 March 2019; Streissguth, "The Renaissance", Greenhaven Publ., 2007, p. 254; Smith, "Nuremberg, a Renaissance City, 1500–1618", University of Texas Press, 2014, p. 12 en.wikipedia.org
  10. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Bartrum, 204. Quotation from a letter to the secretary of the Elector of Saxony. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  11. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Panofsky (1945), p. 44. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  12. Ridpath, "Dürer's hemispheres of 1515 – The first European printed star charts", Star Tales. facts only, no text reused. ianridpath.com
  13. "AlbrECHT DÜRER? (2022)", Museen.de. facts only, no text reused. museen.de
  14. Heaton, "The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works", Seeley, Jackson and Halliday, 1881, p. 29, 31–32. facts only, no text reused. archive.org
  15. Wikipedia, "Albrecht Dürer" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Brion (1960), 16.; Heaton, "The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works", Seeley, Jackson and Halliday, 1881, p. 29, 31–32 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Albrecht Dürer (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

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