Historical Figures Codexery

Zhu De

Founding marshal of the People's Republic of China

He later became a military commander and was conferred the rank of marshal in 1955.[1] On 1 December 1886, Zhu De was born in Hung, a town in Yilong County, Nanchong, to a family of poor tenant farmers.[2]

Quick Facts

Office
2nd Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
President
Liu Shaoqi; None (Post abolished in 1975)
Took office
28 April 1959
Left office
6 July 1976
Predecessor
Liu Shaoqi
Successor
Soong Ching-ling (acting)

Facts from the source article.

Life and work

After graduating in July 1911, he taught at the academy and joined the revolutionary forces under Cai E.[3][4] He joined the Chinese Communist Party in Germany, with Zhou Enlai as one of his sponsors.[5] In 1928 he marched his army of 10,000 men to the Jinggang Mountains to join Mao Zedong.[6] Their merged forces formed the Fourth Red Army, with Zhu as Military Commander and Mao as Party Representative.[6]

After his mentor Cai E and his first wife Xiao Jufang both died in 1916, Zhu De became severely addicted to opium, a habit he did not break until he underwent treatment in Shanghai in 1922.[7] During both the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, Zhu De was the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army.[8]

What the cited sources add

A 2011 article on China.org.cn states that Zhu De was a great Marxist, proletarian revolutionary, statesman and military strategist.[9] The same source notes that he went to Europe in 1922 disillusioned with warlordism and studied in Berlin and at the University of Göttingen.[9] That source also states that Zhu De became Supreme Commander of the People's Liberation Army and remained in charge until 1954.[10] The Spartacus Educational account credits Zhu De with playing an important role in developing the military tactic of guerrilla warfare.[10]

A 2012 article by Daniel Morley discusses the broader context of the Chinese Communist Party's defeats in 1927 but does not provide specific facts about Zhu De's actions.[11] The Spartacus Educational account describes Zhu De as the son of a wealthy landlord, whereas the Wikipedia entry states he was born to a poor tenant farmer's family.[10][2]

References

  1. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Marshal of People's Liberation Army: Zhu De", China Daily (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  2. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: ; ; Smedley, The Great Road, p. 14 and 23.; Smedley, The Great Road, p. 14 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  3. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Platt, "Provincial Patriots", Harvard University Press, 2007; "V26N2 - Personality Profile: Zhu De [Chu Teh]", mindef.gov.sg (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  4. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Shum Kui-kwong, Zhu-De (Chu Teh), University of Queensland Press (St. Lucia: 1982), p. 3-4. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  5. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: William W. Whitson, Huang Chen-hsia, The Chinese High Command: A History of Communist Military Politics, 1927–1971, Praeger Publishers: New York, 1973, p. 30f.; Wortzel, "Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History", Bloomsbury Academic, 1999; 马玉佳, "The legacy of overseas study for China's early leaders: Zhu De", china.org.cn (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  6. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Mao, "Mao's Road to Power: From the Jinggangshan to the establishment of the ...", M.E. Sharpe, 1992; Daniel Morley, "The Chinese Communist Party 1927–37 – The development of Maoism – Part Six", In Defence of Marxism, 9 November 2012; Pantsov, "Mao: The Real Story", Simon and Schuster, 2013, p. 208; Pantsov, "Mao: The Real Story", Simon and Schuster, 2013, p. 208; Lawrance, "China Since 1919: Revolution and Reform: a Sourcebook", Routledge, 2004, p. 39 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
  7. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Wortzel, "Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History", Bloomsbury Academic, 1999 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  8. Wikipedia, "Zhu De" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Zhu De" (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
  9. 马玉佳, "The legacy of overseas study for China's early leaders: Zhu De", china.org.cn. facts only, no text reused. china.org.cn
  10. "Zhu De", Spartacus Educational. facts only, no text reused. spartacus-educational.com
  11. Daniel Morley, "The Chinese Communist Party 1927–37 – The development of Maoism – Part Six", In Defence of Marxism, 9 November 2012. facts only, no text reused. marxist.com

Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Zhu De (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.

More in Rulers & Leaders

Chūichi NagumoNogi MaresukeŌyama IwaoTōgō HeihachirōIsoroku YamamotoArchduke Charles, Duke of TeschenHarold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of TunisJohn Jellicoe, 1st Earl JellicoeT. E. LawrenceLord MountbattenDavid StirlingRoland Garros (aviator)

Elsewhere in Historical Figures

Joshua Reynolds · Artists & ComposersRaphael · Notable FiguresAmbrose · Notable FiguresHipparchus · Notable FiguresRobert Conquest · Scientists & InventorsRod Steiger · Writers & Journalists

Spotted an error? Know more?

Reader corrections go straight into our review queue. Suggest an edit · How this site is sourced

Comments

Loading…
Open in the interactive codex →