Film & Theater Codexery

Lumière brothers

A Western directed by Jacques Audiard, starring John C. Reilly and Joaquin Phoenix as assassin brothers.

Lumière brothers

The Lumière brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean, were French manufacturers of photography equipment born in Besançon to Charles-Antoine Lumière and Jeanne Joséphine Costille Lumière. The family moved to Lyon in 1870, where both brothers attended La Martiniere, the city’s largest technical school. They are best known for developing a motion picture system and producing short films between 1895 and 1905, placing them among the earliest filmmakers. Their innovations built on earlier patents, including film perforations originally implemented by Émile Reynaud, and the Cinématographe—a three-in-one device capable of recording, copying, and projecting motion pictures—which they patented on 13 February 1895. The date of their first film recording is disputed; Louis claimed in a 1948 interview that he shot it in August 1894, before the kinetoscope arrived in France, though historians doubt a functional camera existed before early 1895. On 22 March 1895, they privately screened a single film, *Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory*, for about 200 members of the Société d’encouragement pour l’industrie nationale in Paris, likely the first presentation of a projected film. Their first commercial public screening occurred on 28 December 1895 at the Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris, for around 40 paying visitors and invited relations, traditionally regarded as the birth of cinema. This presentation included ten short films, each about 50 seconds long when hand-cranked. The brothers saw film as a novelty and withdrew from the business by 1905, later developing the first practical photographic colour process, the Autochrome Lumière, patented in 1903 and launched in 1907. Auguste died on 10 April 1954, and Louis on 6 June 1948; both are buried in Lyon’s New Guillotière Cemetery.

field
Film production, directing, screenwriting
nationality
American and French co-production
known_for
The Sisters Brothers (2018), Silver Lion for Best Direction at Venice

Verified Timeline

18512011201620172018

Lore & Background

In the American West in 1851, gunfighters Eli and Charlie Sisters are hired by the wealthy 'Commodore' to kill a man named Hermann Warm. John Morris, a private detective, has been hired by the Commodore to track Warm down, and hand him over to the Sisters brothers. Morris finds Warm traveling by wagon train to California with the Gold Rush and befriends him. They travel to Jacksonville where Morris has arranged his rendezvous with the Sisters brothers. Warm finds Morris' handcuffs, realizes his true intentions, and threatens him at gunpoint but Morris overpowers him. Warm reveals that he plans to find gold using a chemical formula of his own invention; the Sisters brothers have been sent to retrieve the formula, most likely by torturing Warm before killing him. Refusing to allow an innocent man's murder, Morris frees Warm and the two leave Jacksonville. On the road toward San Francisco, Warm reveals that his ultimate plan is to create a utopian society in Dallas, Texas.

Reader's Guide

The brothers' pursuit is plagued by misfortune. A grizzly bear attacks their camp and mauls Eli's horse, Eli becomes very ill from swallowing a spider in his sleep and Charlie is repeatedly drunk and too hung over to ride. When they discover Morris' betrayal in Jacksonville, they follow the pair to the town of Mayfield. At Ms. Mayfield's hotel and brothel, she denies having seen Warm and Morris but offers the brothers a warm welcome. A sympathetic prostitute warns Eli of an impending attack and he attempts to leave with a drunken Charlie but they are cornered by Mayfield's gunslingers. The brothers kill the gunslingers and interrogate Mayfield as to Warm's and Morris’ whereabouts, before murdering and robbing her. In San Francisco, Charlie and Eli argue about continuing their hunt. Eli wishes to retire and open a store, but Charlie angrily rejects this idea. The next day, Charlie reveals that he has found a claim staked in Morris' name a few days' ride away. Eli agrees to complete the hunt as their final job. On the way to the claim site, the brothers are ambushed and captured by Warm and Morris, who are then attacked by Mayfield's men sent before her death to claim the formula for herself. The four team up to kill Mayfield's men, after which Charlie and Eli agree to help Warm and Morris find gold in exchange for half the takings. Morris is revealed to be a wealthy young man from Washington DC, who came west in rebellion against his father, now dead, and to whom Warm's Dallas phalanstère project has at last given a purpose in life. Working to dam the river, the new partners develop a camaraderie. Eli reveals to Warm that Charlie killed their abusive, alcoholic father when they were young, and that Charlie's short temper and violent tendencies put him in danger, so Eli reluctantly took up their present employment to protect him. The dam is completed and Warm explains that when his chemical formula is added to water, it causes gold ore to glow briefly, but is extremely caustic. The men pour the formula into the river and begin gathering the gold. When the glow begins to fade, Charlie panics and tries to add more formula, but spills the undiluted substance onto his hand and into the river. Morris, rushing to restrain Charlie, stumbles and is submerged in the contaminated water while Warm, ignoring Eli's warnings, jumps in to rescue him. The next day, Warm, blinded and badly burned, dies from his injuries while Morris shoots himself to end his suffering. Eli takes Charlie to the nearest town, where a doctor amputates his arm. Hired guns sent by the Commodore arrive and demand their surrender. Eli shoots them and the brothers spend many days fighting against various hired guns until he and Charlie decide they must kill the Commodore. They arrive in Oregon City to find that he has already died. The brothers are the only mourners at the Commodore's open casket; Eli punches the corpse several times 'just to make sure'. The brothers return home to their mother; though initially suspicious, she welcomes them in.

Did You Know?

Production & Creative Vision

In 2011, it was announced that the film rights to the novel The Sisters Brothers had been sold to John C. Reilly's production company, and Reilly was set to play one of the brothers. Four years later, French director Jacques Audiard announced on the radio station RTL that he would direct the film, his first English-language feature. On 25 April 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Joaquin Phoenix had joined the project. In February 2017, Variety reported that Jake Gyllenhaal had also been cast, later announcing that Riz Ahmed joined as well. In May, Variety stated that Annapurna Pictures would also produce and co-finance the film, alongside Why Not Productions, with Megan Ellison serving as an executive producer on the project. The film started shooting in early June 2017 in the Spanish city Almería, and continued the shoot throughout the summer in Tabernas, Navarre and Aragon.

Narrative & Character Dynamics

The film stars John C. Reilly (who also produced) and Joaquin Phoenix as the notorious assassin brothers Eli and Charlie Sisters, and follows the two brothers as they chase after two men (Jake Gyllenhaal and Riz Ahmed) who have banded together to search for gold. The brothers' pursuit is plagued by misfortune. A grizzly bear attacks their camp and mauls Eli's horse, Eli becomes very ill from swallowing a spider in his sleep and Charlie is repeatedly drunk and too hung over to ride. When they discover Morris' betrayal in Jacksonville, they follow the pair to the town of Mayfield. At Ms. Mayfield's hotel and brothel, she denies having seen Warm and Morris but offers the brothers a warm welcome. A sympathetic prostitute warns Eli of an impending attack and he attempts to leave with a drunken Charlie but they are cornered by Mayfield's gunslingers. The brothers kill the gunslingers and interrogate Mayfield as to Warm's and Morris’ whereabouts, before murdering and robbing her. In San Francisco, Charlie and Eli argue about continuing their hunt. Eli wishes to retire and open a store, but Charlie angrily rejects this idea. The next day, Charlie reveals that he has found a claim staked in Morris' name a few days' ride away. Eli agrees to complete the hunt as their final job. On the way to the claim site, the brothers are ambushed and captured by Warm and Morris, who are then attacked by Mayfield's men sent before her death to claim the formula for herself. The four team up to kill Mayfield's men, after which Charlie and Eli agree to help Warm and Morris find gold in exchange for half the takings. Morris is revealed to be a wealthy young man from Washington DC, who came west in rebellion against his father, now dead, and to whom Warm's Dallas phalanstère project has at last given a purpose in life. Working to dam the river, the new partners develop a camaraderie. Eli reveals to Warm that Charlie killed their abusive, alcoholic father when they were young, and that Charlie's short temper and violent tendencies put him in danger, so Eli reluctantly took up their present employment to protect him. The dam is completed and Warm explains that when his chemical formula is added to water, it causes gold ore to glow briefly, but is extremely caustic. The men pour the formula into the river and begin gathering the gold. When the glow begins to fade, Charlie panics and tries to add more formula, but spills the undiluted substance onto his hand and into the river. Morris, rushing to restrain Charlie, stumbles and is submerged in the contaminated water while Warm, ignoring Eli's warnings, jumps in to rescue him. The next day, Warm, blinded and badly burned, dies from his injuries while Morris shoots himself to end his suffering. Eli takes Charlie to the nearest town, where a doctor amputates his arm. Hired guns sent by the Commodore arrive and demand their surrender. Eli shoots them and the brothers spend many days fighting against various hired guns until he and Charlie decide they must kill the Commodore. They arrive in Oregon City to find that he has already died. The brothers are the only mourners at the Commodore's open casket; Eli punches the corpse several times 'just to make sure'. The brothers return home to their mother; though initially suspicious, she welcomes them in.

Critical Reception & Festival Debut

The film had its world premiere at the Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2018, where it won the Silver Lion for Best Direction. The Sisters Brothers received positive reviews from critics, with most praise going to its performances, characters, direction and soundtrack. On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 87%, based on 208 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, 'The Sisters Brothers rides familiar genre trails in occasionally unexpected ways - a satisfying journey further elevated by its well-matched leading men.' On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 78 out of 100, based on reviews from 44 critics, indicating 'generally favorable reviews'. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, calling it 'resoundingly enjoyable and funny'. William Bibbiani of IGN assigned it an 8.0 out of 10, saying, 'John C. Reilly and Joaquin Phoenix shine as wild west hitmen who are just smart enough to know they should be smarter, [and] whose quest leads them in unexpected, funny, and surprisingly emotional directions.' Owen Gleibermen of Variety wrote, 'The Sisters Brothers is too light to be a true drama and too heavy to be a comedy.' The film earned a warm response, including a standing ovation, at the 75th Venice International Film Festival. It was a box office bomb, grossing $14.1 million against its $38 million production budget.

Legacy & Final Performances

It was the final feature film featuring Rutger Hauer released before his death, although he had finished filming several projects released after his death. Hauer plays The Commodore. The film also features Carol Kane as Mrs. Sisters, The Brothers' Mother. The brothers arrive in Oregon City to find that the Commodore has already died. The brothers are the only mourners at the Commodore's open casket; Eli punches the corpse several times 'just to make sure'. The brothers return home to their mother; though initially suspicious, she welcomes them in.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Cinématographe?

The Cinématographe was a portable device that combined a camera, a projector, and a film editor into one unit, developed by the Lumière brothers. It let them shoot, process, and project short films without needing separate machines, making it a key breakthrough in early cinema technology.

When did the Lumière brothers first show a film to an audience?

On 22 March 1895 they presented a single short film to roughly 200 members of a Parisian industrial society, an event generally considered the first projected film screening. Their first paid public showing took place later that same year.

Why are the Lumière brothers important to film history?

Their 1895 public screenings proved that motion pictures could work as a commercial entertainment medium, effectively launching the film industry. The short films they made between 1895 and 1905 remain some of the earliest surviving examples of cinema.

What else are the Lumière brothers known for besides filmmaking?

Beyond early cinema, the brothers developed the Autochrome process, one of the first practical methods for colour photography. Their long career as manufacturers of photographic equipment gave them the technical groundwork to pioneer both innovations.

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