Qingdao
A historic port city blending German heritage with modern Chinese dynamism.
Last updated
Where it is
Coordinates: 36°04′01″N 120°22′59″E (36.0670, 120.3830) · Open in OpenStreetMap
Coordinates and connected clubs: the infobox of Wikipedia: Qingdao (CC BY-SA 4.0). Map: drawn by Codexery from OpenStreetMap tiles.
Qingdao is a prefecture-level city in China's Shandong province, lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea.[1] It is a major seaport, naval base, and commercial and financial center, and is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.[2][3]
Geography and history
The Germans outfitted the impoverished fishing village of Qingdao with wide streets, solid housing, electrification, a sewer system, and a safe drinking water supply.[4] The decision of the Paris Peace Conference not to restore Chinese rule over the foreign concessions in Qingdao triggered the May Fourth Movement in China.[5] Evidence indicates that people have inhabited the Qingdao region for roughly six millennia, and the Dongyi people established the Dawenkou, Longshan, and Dongyeshi cultures there.[6] In 1891, the Qing Empire chose to strengthen the defenses of Jiao'ao (the area's name at the time) to protect against seaborne assaults.[7]
Schools financed by the Imperial German treasury and by Protestant and Roman Catholic missions gave the area the greatest concentration of schools and the highest per-student enrollment rates anywhere in China.[8] After World War I began in 1914, Japan took control of the city through the Siege of Tsingtao.[9][5]
References
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Wei fang wen hua zhi", Qi Lu shu dian, 1997; "山东省", China Oceanic Information Network (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Elleman, "Wilson and China", Routledge, 2002 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Roberts, "The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification", Maritime Policy & Management, 2021, p. 530–542 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schultz-Naumann, "Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute", Universitas, 1985, p. 183 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Germans lose possessions in China", The Independent, 16 November 1914; A. Whitney Griswold, The Far Eastern Policy of the United States (1938) pp. 239–68. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Study in Qingdao", www.sicas.com.cn (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "青岛", CCTV国家地理 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Schultz-Naumann, "Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute", Universitas, 1985, p. 183; Matzat, "Germania Brauerei und ihre Angestellten 1903–1914", tsingtau.org, May 2003 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Qingdao" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Stephenson, "The Siege of Tsingdao", Pen & Sword Military, 2017 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Qingdao (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Qingdao (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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