Archaeologists And Anthropologists Codexery

Davidson Black

Australian writer who trekked 2,700 km across Western Australian deserts with camels.

Davidson Black was a Canadian paleoanthropologist who identified and named the fossil species *Sinanthropus pekinensis*, later reclassified as *Homo erectus pekinensis*. Born in Toronto in 1884, he developed an early interest in natural history, spending summers near the Kawartha lakes, collecting fossils along the Don River, and befriending First Nations people, from whom he learned a local language. Despite his family’s legal background, he pursued biology, earning a medical degree from the University of Toronto in 1906 and continuing his studies in comparative anatomy. After working as an anatomy instructor, he spent time in 1914 under neuroanatomist Grafton Elliot Smith in Manchester, where exposure to the study of Piltdown Man sparked his interest in human evolution. Following service in the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps during World War I, Black moved to China in 1919 to join the Peking Union Medical College, eventually becoming head of anatomy. In the mid-1920s, he received two human-like molars from excavations at Zhoukoudian, leading him to launch a major investigation there. In 1926, he named the species *Sinanthropus pekinensis* based on these teeth, carrying one in a velvet-lined copper case on his belt. Further discoveries in 1928, including a jaw and skull fragments, secured significant Rockefeller Foundation funding, which Black used to establish the Cenozoic Research Laboratory. A proponent of the hypothesis that human origins lay in Asia, he published papers arguing for an Eastern Asian context for early human evolution. Black died of heart failure in 1934. Most of the original Peking Man fossils were lost during World War II, leaving only plaster casts. He was posthumously honored when the extinct primate *Gigantopithecus blacki* was named after him.

born
July 25, 1884, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
died
March 15, 1934
field
Paleoanthropology
nationality
Canadian
known_for
Naming Sinanthropus pekinensis (now Homo erectus pekinensis)

Quick Facts

Birth Date
1884-07-25
Birth Place
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Death Date
1934-03-15
Death Place
Beijing, China
Field
paleoanthropology
Known For
Homo erectus pekinensis
Awards
Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal (1931) / Fellow of the Royal Society

Facts from the source article.

Lore & Background

Robyn Davidson was born at Stanley Park, a cattle station in Miles, Queensland, the second of two girls. When she was 11 years old, her mother took her own life, and she was raised largely by her unmarried aunt (her father's sister), Gillian, and attended a girls' boarding school in Brisbane. She received a music scholarship but did not take it up. In Brisbane, Davidson shared a house with biologists and studied zoology. In 1968, aged 18, she went to Sydney and later lived a bohemian life in a Sydney Push household at Paddington, while working as a card-dealer at an illegal gambling house. In 1975, Davidson moved to Alice Springs, in an effort to work with camels for a desert trek she was planning. For two years, she trained camels and learned how to survive in the harsh desert. In her final year in Alice Springs she was assisted by Sallay Mahomet, who provided her with the required camels. Davidson said later that she would often recall Mahomet's advice and warnings, especially when faced with the ferocity of in-season wild camels eyeing her herd. Mahomet also provided her with two camels, Kate and Zeleika; Kate would not go on the upcoming journey due to a serious skin infection, which Davidson attempted to nurse for several months. During this period she was peripherally involved in the Aboriginal land rights movement.

Reader's Guide

Davidson's journey in 1977 set off for Australia's west coast from Alice Springs, with her dog Diggitty and four camels: Dookie (a large male), Bub (a smaller male), Zeleika (a wild female), and Goliath (Zeleika's offspring). She had no intention of writing about the journey, but eventually agreed to write an article for *National Geographic*. Having met the photographer Rick Smolan in Alice Springs, she insisted that he be the photographer for the journey. Smolan, with whom she had an 'on-again off-again' romantic relationship during the trip, drove out to meet her three times during the nine-month journey. The *National Geographic* article was published in 1978 and attracted so much interest that Davidson decided to write a book about the experience. She travelled to London and lived with Doris Lessing while writing *Tracks*. *Tracks* won the inaugural Thomas Cook Travel Book Award in 1980, and the Blind Society Award. Her desert journey is remembered by Aboriginal Australians she encountered along the way. Artist Jean Burke remembers Robyn in a painting called *The Camel Lady*, produced in 2011. Burke's father Mr Eddie, a Pitjantjatjara man, had trekked through Ngaanyatjarra lands with Davidson, guiding her to water sources. Mr Eddie originally planned to accompany Davidson for a short period, a few days, between Docker River and Pipalyatjara to help her respectfully bypass sacred sites; however he ultimately accompanied her to Warburton. Being accompanied by Mr Eddie results in Davidson's timeline for completion of the trek having to be altered. She says of this: 'I was being torn by two different time concepts. I knew which one made sense, but the other one was fighting hard for survival. Structure, regimentation, orderedness. Which had absolutely nothing to do with anything. I kept thinking wryly to myself, "Christ, if this keeps up it will take us months to get there. So what? Is this a marathon or what? This is going to be the best part of your trip, having Eddie with you, so stretch it out, idiot, stretch it out. But but…what about routine?" and so on. The turmoil lasted all that day, but gradually faded as I relaxed into Eddie’s time. He was teaching me something about flow, about choosing the right moment for everything, about enjoying the present. I let him take over.' After their arrival in Warburton Davidson and Mr Eddie part company and Mr Eddie suggests that another older Aboriginal man accompany her on the next leg of the journey as the next sections will be difficult. Davidson decided that she wanted to do it on her own.

Did You Know?

Frequently Asked Questions

Who is Davidson Black?

Davidson Black was a Canadian paleoanthropologist born in Toronto on July 25, 1884, and he died on March 15, 1934. He is most widely recognized for his work on early human fossils discovered in China.

What is Davidson Black best known for?

He is credited with naming the fossil species Sinanthropus pekinensis, the so-called Peking Man, based on specimens unearthed near Zhoukoudian. That classification has since been revised, and the fossils are now generally referred to as Homo erectus pekinensis.

What was Davidson Black's role in China?

He served as a member of the Geological Survey of China, where he oversaw and interpreted the paleoanthropological finds from the Peking Man site. In Chinese-language sources he is commonly referred to by the transliteration Bù Dáshēng (步達生).

What honors did Davidson Black receive?

His contributions to the study of early hominins earned him election as a Fellow of the Royal Society, one of the most prestigious scientific distinctions in the British academic world.

Why is Davidson Black important to paleoanthropology?

His identification and formal naming of the Peking Man fossils gave the scientific community a critical early reference point for understanding the evolution and spread of Homo erectus in Asia. Even though the taxonomic label has shifted over the decades, his work remains a cornerstone of East Asian paleoanthropology.

More in Archaeologists And Anthropologists 1-23

Spotted an error? Know more?

This is a living reference — every entry is fact-audited, and reader corrections feed straight into our audit queue. Suggest an edit · See this site's audit record

Comments

Loading…
Open in the interactive codex →