Levy Mwanawasa
Third president of Zambia; launched anti-corruption campaign.
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Before becoming president, he served as Zambia's fourth vice-president from November 1991 to July 1994.[1] Levy Patrick Mwanawasa, who lived from 3 September 1948 to 19 August 2008, was Zambia's third head of state, holding that office from January 2002 until his death in August 2008.[1] During his presidency, Mwanawasa began an effort to eliminate corruption in Zambia.[1]
Life and work
He earned a law degree from the University of Zambia and worked in private law firms before forming his own firm, Mwanawasa & Company, in 1978.[2] He served as Solicitor General in 1985 but returned to private practice in 1986.[2] He was re-elected in September 2006 with 42.98% of the vote and was sworn in for a second term on 3 October 2006.[3] Mwanawasa suffered a mild stroke in April 2006 and a second stroke on 29 June 2008 while in Egypt.[4][5]
He was evacuated to France for treatment and died on 19 August 2008 at the Percy Military Hospital in Paris.[5][6] In Mufulira, Northern Rhodesia, Mwanawasa came into the world as child number two out of ten.[2] The MMD's National Executive Committee selected Mwanawasa as its candidate for the presidency in August 2001; he then prevailed in the election of December 2001, securing 29% of the ballots.[7]
What the cited sources add
The BBC News obituary notes that Mwanawasa resigned as vice-president in 1994, saying his integrity had been "put in doubt" after a row with Michael Sata.[8] The same source states he was involved in a near-fatal road accident in the early 1990s and was hospitalized in South Africa for almost a year.[8] The BBC also reports that Mwanawasa belonged to the Lenje ethnic group but was born and raised in the Copperbelt province.[8]
References
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Obituary: Zambia's Levy Mwanawasa", BBC News, 19 August 2008; Kalley, "Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997", Greenwood Publishing Group, 28 November 1999 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Baylies, "The Fall and Rise of Multi-Party Politics in Zambia", Review of African Political Economy, 1992, p. 75–91 (we also read that source) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Joseph J. Schatz, "Mwanawasa Sworn in As Zambia President", Associated Press, 3 October 2006.; Shapi Shacinda, "Mwanawasa warns challenger, names new cabinet", Reuters (IOL), 9 October 2006. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Liu Jinhai, "News Analysis: Zambia faces vital political reshuffle as president dies" , Xinhua, 19 August 2008.; "Ailing Mwanawasa heading to France", Reuters (IOL), 2 July 2008. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Ailing Mwanawasa heading to France", Reuters (IOL), 2 July 2008.; "'Mwanawasa in semi-coma'", Sapa-Associated Press (IOL), 2 July 2008.; "'Mwanawasa in semi-coma'", Sapa-Associated Press (IOL), 2 July 2008.; James Butty, "Zambian President Has Had a History of Hypertension, Says Information Minister" , VOA News, 2 July 2008. (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Rice, "Zambian president Mwanawasa dies in France, aged 59", The Guardian, 19 August 2008 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia, "Levy Mwanawasa" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Zambia's Fourth Democratic Elections: A Country of Minority Governments-By Tiens Kahenya, UPND Secretary General", Africaliberalnetwork.org (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Obituary: Zambia's Levy Mwanawasa", BBC News, 19 August 2008. facts only, no text reused. news.bbc.co.uk
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Levy Mwanawasa (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Levy Mwanawasa (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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