Kwame Nkrumah
First prime minister and president of independent Ghana.
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Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary who led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957.[1] The Daily Graphic biography notes he authored over 20 books and publications on political theory and Pan-Africanism.[2] From 1952 until 1957, Nkrumah was Prime Minister of the Gold Coast, and after independence he became Ghana's first Prime Minister and later its President, serving from 1957 to 1966; he also helped establish the Organisation of African Unity.[1][3]
Life and work
In 1935 he entered Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, earning a BA in economics and sociology in 1939.[4] He returned to the Gold Coast in 1947 as General Secretary of the United Gold Coast Convention.[2] Nkrumah led Ghana to independence in 1957 and became its first President in 1960.[1][5] He was overthrown in a military coup on 24 February 1966 while traveling to Hanoi.[2]
On 12 June 1949, Nkrumah founded the Convention People's Party, and on 8 January 1950 he declared a "Positive Action" campaign to demand independence.[6]
What the cited sources add
The Daily Graphic biography states Nkrumah married Helena Ritz Fathia in 1958 and had three children.[2] The same source notes he convened a conference of independent African states in April 1958.[2] The mkgandhi.org article describes Nkrumah's adoption of Gandhi's non-violent strategy, which he called "Positive Action"[6] That article also states Nkrumah's declaration of Positive Action on 8 January 1950 was influenced by Gandhi's non-violent revolution in India.[6]
The Daily Graphic biography records that Nkrumah was voted "Most Outstanding Professor-Of-The-Year" by The Lincolnian in 1945.[2]
References
- Wikipedia, "Kwame Nkrumah" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: o'Hara, "Governing Post-War Britain", Palgrave Macmillan, 11 April 2012, p. 53–72 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah", Daily Graphic, 8 March 2016. facts only, no text reused. graphic.com.gh
- Wikipedia, "Kwame Nkrumah" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: Rathbone, "Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana", 23 September 2004 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Kwame Nkrumah", The Mt Kenya Times. facts only, no text reused. web.archive.org
- Wikipedia, "Kwame Nkrumah" (CC BY-SA 4.0), which cites: "Kwame Nkrumah. Vision and Tragedy", Sub-Saharan Publishers, 15 November 2007, p. 192–214 (original not read by us) en.wikipedia.org
- "Kwame Nkrumah: Non-Violence of Mahatma Gandhi in Ghana Articles : On and By Gandhi", www.mkgandhi.org. facts only, no text reused. mkgandhi.org
Each numbered sentence above was checked against the source it cites before publication. Sentences citing Wikipedia adapt text from the English Wikipedia article Kwame Nkrumah (contributors), used under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is available under the same licence. Other sources were used for facts only; no text or images are copied from them.
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Sources
Compiled from Wikipedia and the sources listed below. Text from Wikipedia is available under CC BY-SA 4.0; this entry is adapted from it.
- Wikipedia: Kwame Nkrumah (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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