{"https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/part-1/mayor/": {"t": "mayor", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/naryn-kala/": {"t": "Naryn-Kala", "s": "Ancient citadel of Derbent, a UNESCO World Heritage site."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/part-1/dagestan/": {"t": "dagestan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/caspian-sea/": {"t": "caspian-sea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/part-1/caucasus-mountains/": {"t": "caucasus-mountains", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/part-1/eurasian-steppe/": {"t": "eurasian-steppe", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/landforms-and-regions/e/part-1/iranian-plateau/": {"t": "iranian-plateau", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/persian-language/": {"t": "persian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/alexander-the-great/": {"t": "Alexander the Great", "s": "King of Macedon who created a vast empire from Greece to India."}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/sassanid-empire/": {"t": "sassanid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/pre-columbian-empires/e/part-1/parthian-empire/": {"t": "parthian-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires/e/part-1/achaemenid-empire/": {"t": "achaemenid-empire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/part-1/khosrow-i/": {"t": "khosrow-i", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/christianity/": {"t": "christianity", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/safavid-dynasty/": {"t": "safavid-dynasty", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/part-1/ismail-i/": {"t": "ismail-i", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/part-1/muslim-conquest-of-persia/": {"t": "muslim-conquest-of-persia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/harun-al-rashid/": {"t": "Harun al-Rashid", "s": "The fifth Abbasid caliph whose reign marked the beginning of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/vassal/": {"t": "vassal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-federal-subjects/e/part-1/tatarstan/": {"t": "tatarstan", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/astronomical-observatory-of-kazan-university/": {"t": "Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University", "s": "Historic astronomical observatory in Kazan, part of a UNESCO World Heritage site.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/astronomical-observatory-of-kazan-university.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Kirillin · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/part-1/international-council-on-monuments-and-sites/": {"t": "international-council-on-monuments-and-sites", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/telescope-types/e/part-1/heliometer/": {"t": "heliometer", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography-part-3/e/part-1/astrograph/": {"t": "astrograph", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/orbits-and-celestial-mechanics/e/part-1/libration/": {"t": "libration", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/part-1/international-astronomical-union/": {"t": "international-astronomical-union", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astronomy-space/e/part-1/minor-planet/": {"t": "minor-planet", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/part-1/russian-orthodox-church/": {"t": "russian-orthodox-church", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/vologda-oblast/": {"t": "vologda-oblast", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/philosophers-and-theologians/e/part-1/patriarch-nikon-of-moscow/": {"t": "patriarch-nikon-of-moscow", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/derbent/": {"t": "Derbent", "s": "The ancient gateway between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-groups/e/part-1/persians/": {"t": "persians", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/part-1/turkic-peoples/": {"t": "turkic-peoples", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-scythians/": {"t": "the-scythians", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/historic-centre-of-saint-petersburg-and-related-groups-of-monuments/": {"t": "Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage Site of Baroque, Neoclassical, and Russian-Byzantine architecture.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/historic-centre-of-saint-petersburg-and-related-groups-of-monuments.webp", "c": "Andrey Korchagin · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/pskov/": {"t": "Pskov", "s": "Ancient Russian city, former Hanseatic hub and border fortress."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/part-1/saint-petersburg/": {"t": "saint-petersburg", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/part-1/great-gatchina-palace/": {"t": "great-gatchina-palace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/part-1/priory-palace/": {"t": "priory-palace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/part-1/livonia/": {"t": "livonia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/great-northern-war/": {"t": "great-northern-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/part-1/europe/": {"t": "europe", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/part-1/electric-light/": {"t": "electric-light", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/communication-and-media/e/part-1/telephone/": {"t": "telephone", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/daft-punk/e/places/paris/": {"t": "Paris", "s": "A neon-drenched metropolis where human creativity sparks the fire of robotic evolution."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/world-war-i/": {"t": "world-war-i", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionaries-insurgent-leaders/e/part-1/pyotr-krasnov/": {"t": "pyotr-krasnov", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/leon-trotsky/": {"t": "Leon Trotsky", "s": "Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/second-world-war/": {"t": "second-world-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-and-alpine-reserves/e/part-1/altai-nature-reserve/": {"t": "altai-nature-reserve", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/katun-nature-reserve/": {"t": "Katun Nature Reserve", "s": "Strict nature reserve in the central Altai Mountains of Siberia."}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/part-1/snow-leopard/": {"t": "snow-leopard", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/part-1/permafrost/": {"t": "permafrost", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/birds-of-prey-and-waterbirds/e/part-1/black-stork/": {"t": "black-stork", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/gatchina/": {"t": "Gatchina", "s": "Imperial residence and UNESCO World Heritage site in Leningrad Oblast", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/gatchina.webp", "c": "Александров · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/kronstadt/": {"t": "Kronstadt", "s": "Russian port city and Baltic Fleet fortress guarding Saint Petersburg."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/ropsha/": {"t": "Ropsha", "s": "A ruined imperial estate with a dark history, now awaiting restoration."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/gostilitsy/": {"t": "Gostilitsy", "s": "Russian village with a historic estate and World Heritage site.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/gostilitsy.webp", "c": "Л. Пастернак · Public domain"}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/pulkovo-observatory/": {"t": "Pulkovo Observatory", "s": "Principal astronomical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/part-1/neoclassical-architecture/": {"t": "neoclassical-architecture", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/part-1/moskva-river/": {"t": "moskva-river", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-empires-rulers/e/part-1/alexis-of-russia/": {"t": "alexis-of-russia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/part-1/elizabeth-of-russia/": {"t": "elizabeth-of-russia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/part-1/crimean-war/": {"t": "crimean-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/part-1/enceinte/": {"t": "enceinte", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/freedom-of-speech/": {"t": "freedom-of-speech", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/fortifications-of-derbent/": {"t": "Fortifications of Derbent", "s": "A Sasanian-era fortified defense line guarding the Caspian Gates.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/fortifications-of-derbent.webp", "c": "Vyacheslav Bukharov · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/geology-and-landforms/e/part-1/continental-shelf/": {"t": "continental-shelf", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/caliphate/": {"t": "caliphate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/part-1/kremlin/": {"t": "kremlin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-monarchs-consorts/e/part-1/feodor-i-of-russia/": {"t": "feodor-i-of-russia", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/part-1/polish-lithuanian-commonwealth/": {"t": "polish-lithuanian-commonwealth", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/part-1/leo-tolstoy/": {"t": "leo-tolstoy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/war-and-peace/": {"t": "war-and-peace", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/anton-chekhov/": {"t": "Anton Chekhov", "s": "Russian playwright and short story writer, physician."}, "https://codexery.com/russian-and-soviet-writers/e/part-1/nikolai-gogol/": {"t": "nikolai-gogol", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures-leaders/e/part-1/peter-kropotkin/": {"t": "peter-kropotkin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-legends/e/part-1/sergei-prokofiev/": {"t": "sergei-prokofiev", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/dmitri-shostakovich/": {"t": "Dmitri Shostakovich", "s": "Soviet-era composer and pianist, known for his complex relationship with the Soviet government and his 15 symphonies."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-cultural-concepts/e/part-1/tsar/": {"t": "tsar", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/common-plants-and-crops/e/part-1/narcissus-plant/": {"t": "narcissus-plant", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/explorers-pioneers/e/part-1/joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "joseph-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/part-1/german-language/": {"t": "german-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/louis-xiv/": {"t": "Louis XIV", "s": "The Sun King who defined absolute monarchy and led France to European dominance."}, "https://codexery.com/sculptors-architects/e/part-1/francesco-bartolomeo-rastrelli/": {"t": "francesco-bartolomeo-rastrelli", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/baltic-sea/": {"t": "baltic-sea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/part-1/baroque/": {"t": "baroque", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/boardgames/e/part-1/chess/": {"t": "chess", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-systems-elections/e/part-1/coup-d-tat/": {"t": "coup-d-tat", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fishkeeping/e/part-1/carp/": {"t": "carp", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/leaders-and-monarchs/e/part-1/nicholas-ii/": {"t": "nicholas-ii", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/sieges-and-battles/e/part-1/siege-of-leningrad/": {"t": "siege-of-leningrad", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/engelhardt-observatory/": {"t": "Engelhardt Observatory", "s": "Astronomical observatory in Tatarstan, founded 1901."}, "https://codexery.com/geology/e/part-1/geodesy/": {"t": "geodesy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/part-1/volga/": {"t": "volga", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-and-early-modern-asian-empires/e/part-1/khanate-of-kazan/": {"t": "khanate-of-kazan", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/hajj/": {"t": "hajj", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/miscellaneous/e/part-1/kaliningrad-oblast/": {"t": "kaliningrad-oblast", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/part-1/shoal/": {"t": "shoal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-medieval-monarchs/e/part-1/casimir-iv-jagiellon/": {"t": "casimir-iv-jagiellon", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/part-1/landscape-painting/": {"t": "landscape-painting", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/animal-biology-and-behavior/e/part-1/ornithology/": {"t": "ornithology", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/animal-behavior/e/part-1/bird-migration/": {"t": "bird-migration", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/part-1/nobel-prize/": {"t": "nobel-prize", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-literary-masters/e/part-1/thomas-mann/": {"t": "thomas-mann", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/literary-works/e/part-1/uncle-tom-s-cabin/": {"t": "uncle-tom-s-cabin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hermann-g-ring/": {"t": "Hermann Göring", "s": "Nazi leader and convicted war criminal"}, "https://codexery.com/other-geographic-features/e/part-1/national-park/": {"t": "national-park", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/part-1/art-nouveau/": {"t": "art-nouveau", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/castles-in-russia/e/part-1/nizhny-novgorod-kremlin/": {"t": "nizhny-novgorod-kremlin", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/shia-islam/": {"t": "shia-islam", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-medieval-military-leaders/e/part-1/maslama-ibn-abd-al-malik/": {"t": "maslama-ibn-abd-al-malik", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islamic-concepts-and-practices/e/part-1/sunni-islam/": {"t": "sunni-islam", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/golden-mountains-of-altai/": {"t": "Golden Mountains of Altai", "s": "UNESCO site with altitudinal zones and endangered species.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/golden-mountains-of-altai.webp", "c": "Francesco Bandarin · CC BY-SA 3.0 igo"}, "https://codexery.com/spatial-analysis-gis/e/part-1/region/": {"t": "region", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/forms-of-government/e/part-1/governor/": {"t": "governor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/republic-of-karelia/": {"t": "republic-of-karelia", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/kizhi-pogost/": {"t": "Kizhi Pogost", "s": "A wooden architectural ensemble on Kizhi Island, Russia."}, "https://codexery.com/lakes-of-the-world/e/part-1/lake-onega/": {"t": "lake-onega", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/agriculture-food/e/part-1/combine-harvester/": {"t": "combine-harvester", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/part-1/weaving/": {"t": "weaving", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers-allies/e/part-1/pinus-sylvestris/": {"t": "pinus-sylvestris", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/conifers/e/part-1/picea/": {"t": "picea", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/polish-cuisine/e/part-1/crucian-carp/": {"t": "crucian-carp", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/freshwater-fish/e/part-1/perch/": {"t": "perch", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/bony-fish/e/part-1/burbot/": {"t": "burbot", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/part-1/elm/": {"t": "elm", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plants-fungi/e/part-1/alder/": {"t": "alder", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/plant-families/e/part-1/fabaceae/": {"t": "fabaceae", "s": ""}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/kizhi-island/": {"t": "Kizhi Island", "s": "Island in Lake Onega, site of historic wooden churches and a peasant revolt."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/part-1/spire/": {"t": "spire", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-the-world/e/part-1/lena-river/": {"t": "lena-river", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/yakutsk/": {"t": "yakutsk", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/sakha-republic/": {"t": "sakha-republic", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-lakes/e/part-1/lake-baikal/": {"t": "lake-baikal", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/part-1/marine-transgression/": {"t": "marine-transgression", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/coastal-marine-geology/e/part-1/marine-regression/": {"t": "marine-regression", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historic-and-sacred-architecture/e/part-1/kremlin-armoury/": {"t": "kremlin-armoury", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/part-1/middle-ages/": {"t": "middle-ages", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/part-1/the-hanseatic-league/": {"t": "the-hanseatic-league", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/film-and-theater-icons/e/part-1/sergei-eisenstein/": {"t": "sergei-eisenstein", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/film-classics/e/part-1/alexander-nevsky-film/": {"t": "alexander-nevsky-film", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/part-1/livonian-war/": {"t": "livonian-war", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/e/part-1/stephen-b-thory/": {"t": "stephen-b-thory", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/part-1/russian-language/": {"t": "russian-language", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography-part-3/e/part-1/dorpat-great-refractor/": {"t": "dorpat-great-refractor", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-topology/e/part-1/coordinate-system/": {"t": "coordinate-system", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/classical-and-fluid-mechanics/e/part-1/precession/": {"t": "precession", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism-and-waves/e/part-1/refraction/": {"t": "refraction", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/stars-and-stellar-phenomena/e/part-1/double-star/": {"t": "double-star", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/phantom-places-discovery/e/part-1/geography/": {"t": "geography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/part-1/navigation/": {"t": "navigation", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astronomical-catalogues/e/part-1/star-catalogue/": {"t": "star-catalogue", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography-part-2/e/part-1/telescope/": {"t": "telescope", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography/e/part-1/astrophotography/": {"t": "astrophotography", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/part-1/celestial-pole/": {"t": "celestial-pole", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/danube/": {"t": "danube", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/islands/e/part-1/spitsbergen/": {"t": "spitsbergen", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/part-1/artillery/": {"t": "artillery", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography-part-2/e/part-1/radio-astronomy/": {"t": "radio-astronomy", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/astrophotography-part-2/e/part-1/radio-telescope/": {"t": "radio-telescope", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/part-1/benito-mussolini/": {"t": "benito-mussolini", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/lines-hemispheres/e/part-1/longitude/": {"t": "longitude", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/planets-and-dwarf-planets/e/part-1/venus/": {"t": "venus", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-regions/e/part-1/primorsky-krai/": {"t": "primorsky-krai", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/russian-cities/e/part-1/vladivostok/": {"t": "vladivostok", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/meteorology/e/part-1/temperate-climate/": {"t": "temperate-climate", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/bigcats/e/part-1/siberian-tiger/": {"t": "siberian-tiger", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/part-1/amur/": {"t": "amur", "s": ""}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/akira-kurosawa/": {"t": "Akira Kurosawa", "s": "One of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in cinema history."}}