{"https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic architecture", "s": "Medieval architectural style defined by the pointed arch and verticality."}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/podkarpackie-voivodeship/": {"t": "Podkarpackie Voivodeship", "s": "Southeastern Polish province with historic cities, Carpathian landscapes, and UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/tree-species/e/tree-species/fir/": {"t": "Fir", "s": "Evergreen conifers with upright cones and softwood uses."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/e/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/auschwitz-concentration-camp/": {"t": "Auschwitz concentration camp", "s": "Site of the largest mass murder in a single location in history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/img/world-war-ii-and-its-aftermath/auschwitz-concentration-camp.webp", "c": "Ynnarski · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp/": {"t": "Extermination camp", "s": "Nazi camps built for systematic mass murder by gassing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/extermination-camp.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/the-holocaust/": {"t": "The Holocaust", "s": "The Holocaust, called the Shoah in Hebrew, refers to the systematic murder of European Jews carried out during World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-stalin/": {"t": "Joseph Stalin", "s": "Soviet revolutionary and dictator who ruled from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/jehovah-s-witnesses/": {"t": "Jehovah's Witnesses", "s": "A nontrinitarian, millenarian Christian denomination known for evangelism, refusal of military service and blood transfusions, and shunning of former members."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/belgrade/": {"t": "Belgrade", "s": "Capital of Serbia, ancient city at Danube and Sava confluence."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/croatia/": {"t": "Croatia", "s": "A country in Central and Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea, with a rich history and a modern high-income economy."}, "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/e/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/andrzej-wajda/": {"t": "Andrzej Wajda", "s": "Polish director of war trilogy and national identity films.", "i": "https://codexery.com/renowned-film-directors-producers/img/renowned-film-directors-and-producers/andrzej-wajda.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Andrzej Wajda · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w/": {"t": "Kraków", "s": "Historic royal capital and UNESCO World Heritage city in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/wroc-aw/": {"t": "Wrocław", "s": "Historical capital of Silesia on the Oder River."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/reinforced-concrete/": {"t": "Reinforced concrete", "s": "Composite material compensating concrete's low tensile strength with reinforcement."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ/": {"t": "The Pipe organ", "s": "A wind-driven keyboard instrument with ancient Greek origins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ.webp", "c": "Ermell · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/basketball-teams-in-poland/e/basketball-teams-in-poland/l-sk-wroc-aw-basketball/": {"t": "Śląsk Wrocław (basketball)", "s": "Poland's most decorated basketball club with 18 league titles."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/peace-of-westphalia/": {"t": "Peace of Westphalia", "s": "The Peace of Westphalia, known in German as the Westfälischer Friede, refers to two separate peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of "}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/spirits/e/spirits/holy-spirit-in-christianity/": {"t": "Holy Spirit in Christianity", "s": "Third Person of the Trinity, giver of life and divine helper.", "i": "https://codexery.com/spirits/img/spirits/holy-spirit-in-christianity.webp", "c": "Nheyob · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/lutheranism/": {"t": "Lutheranism", "s": "A major branch of Protestantism arising from Martin Luther's efforts to reform the Catholic Church."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/modern-architecture/": {"t": "Modern architecture", "s": "A 20th-century movement emphasizing function, minimalism, and new materials."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements-styles/e/art-movements-and-styles/bauhaus/": {"t": "Bauhaus", "s": "German art school that merged crafts with fine arts."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/modern-metropolis/tel-aviv/": {"t": "Tel Aviv", "s": "The economic and technological center of Israel, a global high-tech hub."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/e/world-heritage-sites-in-israel/white-city-tel-aviv/": {"t": "White City, Tel Aviv", "s": "A UNESCO World Heritage site of 1930s Bauhaus architecture in Tel Aviv."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/centennial-hall-wroc-aw/": {"t": "Centennial Hall (Wrocław)", "s": "Early reinforced concrete landmark and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Wrocław."}, "https://codexery.com/greek-myths/e/greek-myths/athena/": {"t": "Athena", "s": "Goddess of wisdom, warfare, and handicraft; patron of Athens."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-artists/e/visual-artists/paul-klee/": {"t": "Paul Klee", "s": "Swiss-born German artist known for his individual style and color theory"}, "https://codexery.com/entering-heaven-alive/e/entering-heaven-alive/assumption-of-mary/": {"t": "Assumption of Mary", "s": "Catholic dogma of Mary's bodily assumption into heaven."}, "https://codexery.com/individual-angels/e/individual-angels/michael-archangel/": {"t": "Michael (archangel)", "s": "Archangel, warrior of God, and guardian prince of Israel."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/german-language/": {"t": "German language", "s": "German, known natively as Deutsch (pronounced [dɔɪ̯tʃ]), belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is spoken primarily across"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/polish-language/": {"t": "Polish language", "s": "A West Slavic language with a rich literary tradition and over 39.7 million native speakers."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/casimir-iii-the-great/": {"t": "Casimir III the Great", "s": "The last Piast king who built a stronger Poland through law, diplomacy, and learning."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/partitions-of-poland/": {"t": "Partitions of Poland", "s": "Three partitions ended the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's existence."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/galicia-eastern-europe/": {"t": "Galicia (Eastern Europe)", "s": "Historical region spanning southeastern Poland and western Ukraine.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/galicia-eastern-europe.webp", "c": "Silar · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "The First World War, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, was fought between the Allied and Central Powers."}, "https://codexery.com/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/e/mountain-ranges-and-massifs/carpathian-mountains/": {"t": "Carpathian Mountains", "s": "Europe's third-longest mountain range, forming an arc across Central and Southeast Europe."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/home-army/": {"t": "Home Army", "s": "Dominant Polish resistance movement in WWII, loyal to London government-in-exile.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/home-army.webp", "c": "US Government · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/propaganda/": {"t": "Propaganda", "s": "Communication used to influence audiences and further an agenda."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/england/": {"t": "England", "s": "Land of the Angles, birthplace of football and the Industrial Revolution."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-starting-with-l/e/cities-starting-with-l/lublin/": {"t": "Lublin", "s": "Historic Polish city, site of the Union of Lublin."}, "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church/": {"t": "Catholic Church", "s": "The largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.41 billion baptized members.", "i": "https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/img/branches-of-christianity/catholic-church.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Christianity by country · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/ancient-cities/jerusalem/": {"t": "Jerusalem", "s": "A holy city to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and a focal point of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/e/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/henryk-g-recki/": {"t": "Henryk Górecki", "s": "Polish composer of contemporary classical music.", "i": "https://codexery.com/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/img/classical-composers-and-instrumentalists/henryk-g-recki.webp", "c": "Lech Kowalski & Włodzimierz Pniewski · via Wikipedia: Henryk Górecki · Public domain"}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/kalwaria-zebrzydowska/": {"t": "Kalwaria Zebrzydowska", "s": "Town in southern Poland with a noted calvary and monastery complex."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/mannerism/": {"t": "Mannerism", "s": "A European style exaggerating High Renaissance ideals into artificial elegance."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/antwerp/": {"t": "Antwerp", "s": "Major port, diamond hub, and historic global city in Belgium."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/vistula/": {"t": "Vistula", "s": "Poland's longest river and a national symbol of cultural identity."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/krak-w-old-town/": {"t": "Kraków Old Town", "s": "Medieval heart of Kraków, a UNESCO World Heritage site."}, "https://codexery.com/medieval-europe/e/medieval-europe/piast-dynasty/": {"t": "Piast dynasty", "s": "First historical ruling dynasty of Poland, from c."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-on-rivers/e/cities-on-rivers/warsaw/": {"t": "Warsaw", "s": "Capital and largest city of Poland, on the Vistula River."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture/": {"t": "Renaissance architecture", "s": "Revival of classical Greek and Roman architectural principles.", "i": "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/img/architectural-styles-and-elements/renaissance-architecture.webp", "c": "Txllxt TxllxT · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/universities/e/universities/jagiellonian-university/": {"t": "Jagiellonian University", "s": "Oldest university in Poland, founded 1364.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities/img/universities/jagiellonian-university.webp", "c": "S. Woźniak uploaded on Flickr by: mik Krakow · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/dutch-language/": {"t": "Dutch language", "s": "A West Germanic language spoken by millions across Europe, the Americas, and beyond."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/yiddish/": {"t": "Yiddish", "s": "A West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews, with roots in the Holy Roman Empire and a fusion of High German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic ele"}, "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/e/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/wis-awa-szymborska/": {"t": "Wisława Szymborska", "s": "Polish poet of ironic precision and winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modernist-20th-century-poets/img/modernist-and-20th-century-poets/wis-awa-szymborska.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Wisława Szymborska · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/nobel-prize/": {"t": "Nobel Prize", "s": "Prestigious awards for the greatest benefit to humankind."}, "https://codexery.com/persian-and-central-asian-poets/e/persian-and-central-asian-poets/czes-aw-mi-osz/": {"t": "Czesław Miłosz", "s": "Polish-American poet and Nobel laureate who voiced man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/auschwitz-birkenau-state-museum/": {"t": "Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum", "s": "Museum and memorial on the site of Nazi Germany's Auschwitz camp."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/neolithic-flint-mines-of-spiennes/": {"t": "Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes", "s": "Large Neolithic flint mines in Belgium, active 4,300–2,200 BC."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/indian-inventions/e/indian-inventions/grid-plan/": {"t": "Grid plan", "s": "A city plan of perpendicular streets, ancient and widespread."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/hungary/": {"t": "Hungary", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich history, from the Kingdom of Hungary to EU membership."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy/": {"t": "Habsburg monarchy", "s": "A composite monarchy ruled by the House of Habsburg across Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/habsburg-monarchy.webp", "c": "ThrashedParanoid and Peregrine981. · via Wikipedia: Habsburg monarchy · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/constitutional-and-rights-law/e/constitutional-and-rights-law/municipal-charter/": {"t": "Municipal charter", "s": "A legal document establishing a city or town as a municipality."}, "https://codexery.com/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-m/e/european-military-leaders-of-the-early-modern-era/hermann-von-salza/": {"t": "Hermann von Salza", "s": "Fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and imperial mediator."}, "https://codexery.com/lost-civilizations/e/lost-civilizations/the-hanseatic-league/": {"t": "The Hanseatic League", "s": "A medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and towns."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/": {"t": "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe", "s": "German polymath and most influential writer in the German language"}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/arch/": {"t": "Arch", "s": "A curved structure spanning an opening, often load-bearing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/arch.webp", "c": "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/11399912@N00  B0iwehijro2i0-\n]\n\n`1l]] from Davis, CA, USA · via Wikipedia: Arch · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rocks-and-minerals/e/rocks-and-minerals/galena/": {"t": "Galena", "s": "Primary ore of lead and silver, widely distributed sulfide mineral."}, "https://codexery.com/conifers-and-gymnosperms/e/conifers-and-gymnosperms/pinus-sylvestris/": {"t": "Pinus sylvestris", "s": "A resilient Eurasian pine with distinctive orange-red bark."}, "https://codexery.com/birds/e/birds/common-pheasant/": {"t": "Common pheasant", "s": "A widespread gamebird, introduced globally for hunting."}, "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/e/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography/": {"t": "Topography", "s": "Study of land surface forms and features.", "i": "https://codexery.com/physical-geography-elevation/img/physical-geography-and-elevation/topography.webp", "c": "NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of · Public domain"}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/lipnica-murowana/": {"t": "Lipnica Murowana", "s": "Village with a UNESCO-listed wooden church in southern Poland."}, "https://codexery.com/geometry-and-shapes/e/geometry-and-shapes/square/": {"t": "Square", "s": "A regular quadrilateral with equal sides and right angles."}, "https://codexery.com/ethnic-indigenous-groups/e/ethnic-and-indigenous-groups/tatars/": {"t": "Tatars", "s": "Turkic-speaking peoples across Eastern Europe and Northern Asia."}, "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/e/chemical-elements/tin/": {"t": "Tin", "s": "A soft, silvery-white post-transition metal with the largest number of stable isotopes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/chemical-elements/img/chemical-elements/tin.webp", "c": "Farmers' Trading Company · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/christian-church-bodies/e/christian-church-bodies/diocese/": {"t": "Diocese", "s": "Ecclesiastical district under a bishop's jurisdiction."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/tadeusz-ko-ciuszko/": {"t": "Tadeusz Kościuszko", "s": "Polish military engineer and leader of the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/leaders/tadeusz-ko-ciuszko.webp", "c": "Karl Gottlieb Schweikart · via Wikipedia: Tadeusz Kościuszko · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/francis-ii-holy-roman-emperor/": {"t": "Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor", "s": "Last Holy Roman Emperor, first Emperor of Austria."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/defensive-wall/": {"t": "Defensive wall", "s": "Fortifications enclosing settlements from ancient to modern times."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ivan-konev/": {"t": "Ivan Konev", "s": "Soviet marshal who led key offensives and suppressed uprisings.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ivan-konev.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ivan Konev · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation-engineering/e/transportation-engineering/carriage/": {"t": "Carriage", "s": "Horse-drawn vehicle for passengers, once a principal road transport."}, "https://codexery.com/polish-cuisine/e/polish-cuisine/obwarzanek-krakowski/": {"t": "Obwarzanek krakowski", "s": "A boiled and baked ring-shaped bread from Kraków."}, "https://codexery.com/visual-arts-and-crafts/e/visual-arts-and-crafts/stained-glass/": {"t": "Stained glass", "s": "Coloured glass used in windows and decorative art."}, "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/e/writers-and-poets/adam-mickiewicz/": {"t": "Adam Mickiewicz", "s": "Polish Romantic poet and national bard of Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus.", "i": "https://codexery.com/writers-poets/img/writers-and-poets/adam-mickiewicz.webp", "c": "Unknown authorUnknown author · via Wikipedia: Adam Mickiewicz · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/scientists-and-mathematicians/e/scientists-and-mathematicians/nicolaus-copernicus/": {"t": "Nicolaus Copernicus", "s": "Renaissance polymath who proposed the Sun-centered model of the universe."}, "/e/world-heritage-sites-in-poland/srebrna-g-ra-tarnowskie-g-ry-ridge/": {"t": "Srebrna Góra (Tarnowskie Góry Ridge)", "s": "Post-mining landscape of Silver Mountain, a UNESCO site."}}