{"https://codexery.com/public-health-and-epidemiology/e/public-health-and-epidemiology/public-health/": {"t": "Public health", "s": "Science and art of preventing disease through organized societal efforts."}, "https://codexery.com/biosafety-level-4-laboratories/e/biosafety-level-4-laboratories/centers-for-disease-control-and-prevention/": {"t": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", "s": "U.S. federal agency for disease control and prevention."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-organization/": {"t": "World Health Organization", "s": "UN agency coordinating global health responses and standards."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/bangui/": {"t": "Bangui", "s": "Capital and largest city of the Central African Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/infection-control-measures/e/infection-control-measures/disease-surveillance/": {"t": "Disease surveillance", "s": "Monitoring disease spread to predict and minimize harm."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv-aids/": {"t": "HIV/AIDS", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, manageable but incurable."}, "https://codexery.com/hiv-aids-in-africa/e/hiv-aids-in-africa/history-of-hiv-aids/": {"t": "History of HIV/AIDS", "s": "HIV/AIDS emerged from Central African primates in the early 20th century."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-settlements/e/cities-and-settlements/kinshasa/": {"t": "Kinshasa", "s": "Capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a fast-growing megacity on the Congo River."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/developing-country/": {"t": "Developing country", "s": "A country with a less-developed industrial base and lower HDI, though definitions vary widely."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/republic-of-the-congo/": {"t": "Republic of the Congo", "s": "Central African nation shaped by Bantu kingdoms and French colonization."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/tuberculosis/": {"t": "Tuberculosis", "s": "A contagious bacterial disease, historically called consumption, that remains a global killer."}, "/e/world-health-organization/1994-expanded-world-health-organization-aids-case-definition/": {"t": "1994 expanded World Health Organization AIDS case definition", "s": "Revised AIDS surveillance definition adding HIV testing and expanded clinical criteria."}, "/e/world-health-organization/1985-world-health-organization-aids-surveillance-case-definition/": {"t": "1985 World Health Organization AIDS surveillance case definition", "s": "Criteria for HIV surveillance where antibody testing was unavailable."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/hiv/": {"t": "HIV", "s": "Retrovirus causing AIDS, transmitted via bodily fluids."}, "https://codexery.com/human-relationships-and-life-stages/e/human-relationships-and-life-stages/adolescence/": {"t": "Adolescence", "s": "Transitional stage from puberty to adulthood."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/minority-group/": {"t": "Minority group", "s": "A group experiencing disadvantage relative to a dominant social group."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-and-development/e/reproduction-and-development/childbirth/": {"t": "Childbirth", "s": "Completion of pregnancy resulting in one or more newborns."}, "https://codexery.com/social-identity-prejudice/e/social-identity-and-prejudice/discrimination/": {"t": "Discrimination", "s": "Unjustified distinctions depriving people of rights or opportunities."}, "https://codexery.com/tennis/e/tennis/serena-williams/": {"t": "Serena Williams", "s": "American tennis player with 23 major singles titles."}, "/e/world-health-organization/covax/": {"t": "COVAX", "s": "Global initiative for equitable COVID-19 vaccine access."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-disease-organizations/e/infectious-disease-organizations/coalition-for-epidemic-preparedness-innovations/": {"t": "Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations", "s": "Foundation financing vaccine development against emerging infectious diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/malaria-organizations/e/malaria-organizations/the-global-fund-to-fight-aids-tuberculosis-and-malaria/": {"t": "The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria", "s": "Financing the fight against AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria worldwide."}, "https://codexery.com/malaria-organizations/e/malaria-organizations/unitaid/": {"t": "Unitaid", "s": "Global health initiative funding innovation for major diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/covid-19-vaccine/": {"t": "COVID-19 vaccine", "s": "Vaccines developed rapidly to combat the COVID-19 pandemic."}, "https://codexery.com/people-with-speech-disorders/e/people-with-speech-disorders/joe-biden/": {"t": "Joe Biden", "s": "46th president of the United States, former senator and vice president."}, "https://codexery.com/national-economies/e/national-economies/developed-country/": {"t": "Developed country", "s": "A country with high living standards and advanced economy."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmaceutical-industry/": {"t": "Pharmaceutical industry", "s": "Industry discovering, developing, and marketing medications for human health."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/vienna/": {"t": "Vienna", "s": "Capital on the Danube, heart of Austria"}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/e/east-asian-leaders/li-keqiang/": {"t": "Li Keqiang", "s": "Chinese premier who died in 2023 at age 68, the youngest to leave office and earliest to die among all PRC premiers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/east-asian-leaders/img/east-asian-leaders/li-keqiang.webp", "c": "内閣官房広報室 · via Wikipedia: Li Keqiang · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/medication/": {"t": "Medication", "s": "Substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/human-variation-and-health/medication.webp", "c": "Samsule2 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/international-law/": {"t": "International law", "s": "Body of rules governing state relations, based largely on consent."}, "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/e/economic-concepts-and-models/competition-economics/": {"t": "Competition (economics)", "s": "Rivalry among firms to obtain limited goods by varying price, product, promotion, and place.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economic-concepts-models/img/economic-concepts-and-models/competition-economics.webp", "c": "Costcurve_-_Combined.png : The original uploader was Trampled at English Wikiped · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/government-and-law/e/government-and-law/patent/": {"t": "Patent", "s": "A legal right excluding others from an invention for a limited time."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/hepatitis-c/": {"t": "Hepatitis C", "s": "A viral liver infection that can become chronic and is curable.", "i": "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/img/viral-infections/hepatitis-c.webp", "c": "Our World In Data · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/legal-systems-courts/e/legal-systems-and-courts/dispute-resolution/": {"t": "Dispute resolution", "s": "Process of resolving disputes through legal and extrajudicial means."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/malaria/": {"t": "Malaria", "s": "Mosquito-borne parasitic disease causing fever, anemia, and death."}, "https://codexery.com/malaria-organizations/e/malaria-organizations/medicines-patent-pool/": {"t": "Medicines Patent Pool", "s": "A patent pool expanding access to essential medicines globally."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/malawi/": {"t": "Malawi", "s": "Malawi, whose official name is the Republic of Malawi, sits landlocked in Southeast Africa.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/malawi.webp", "c": "Sputink · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/latin-america/": {"t": "Latin America", "s": "The cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/img/countries-and-regions/latin-america.webp", "c": "Henrykez · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/e/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/streptococcus-pneumoniae/": {"t": "Streptococcus pneumoniae", "s": "A Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic diplococcus that is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis.", "i": "https://codexery.com/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/img/infectious-agents-and-pathogens/streptococcus-pneumoniae.webp", "c": "Romina Camilli, Raoul JP Bonnal, Maria Del Grosso, Michele Iacono, Giorgio Corti · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pathogenic-bacteria/e/pathogenic-bacteria/haemophilus-influenzae/": {"t": "Haemophilus influenzae", "s": "A pathogenic bacterium once mistaken for the cause of influenza."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/hepatitis-b/": {"t": "Hepatitis B", "s": "A viral liver infection preventable by vaccination since 1982.", "i": "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/img/viral-infections/hepatitis-b.webp", "c": "melvil · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/human-papillomavirus-infection/": {"t": "Human papillomavirus infection", "s": "Most common sexually transmitted infection, linked to several cancers.", "i": "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/img/viral-infections/human-papillomavirus-infection.webp", "c": "NIAID · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/antiparasitic/": {"t": "Antiparasitic", "s": "Medications targeting parasitic infections across diverse classes."}, "https://codexery.com/malaria-organizations/e/malaria-organizations/campaign-for-access-to-essential-medicines/": {"t": "Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines", "s": "Campaign to lower drug prices and spur research for neglected diseases."}, "https://codexery.com/infection-control-measures/e/infection-control-measures/eradication-of-infectious-diseases/": {"t": "Eradication of infectious diseases", "s": "Two diseases eradicated; polio and Guinea worm targeted globally."}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas/": {"t": "Americas", "s": "The New World landmass spanning from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests.", "i": "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/img/regions-and-cultural-spheres/americas.webp", "c": "GrandEscogriffe · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/regions-cultural-spheres/e/regions-and-cultural-spheres/europe/": {"t": "Europe", "s": "Second-smallest continent, birthplace of Western civilisation and European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/organizations-associated-with-the/e/organizations-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic/world-health-assembly/": {"t": "World Health Assembly", "s": "Governing body of the World Health Organization."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/nelson-mandela/": {"t": "Nelson Mandela", "s": "South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and first black president."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/yaound/": {"t": "Yaoundé", "s": "Capital of Cameroon, founded as a German trading outpost."}, "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/e/nigerian-states/borno-state/": {"t": "Borno State", "s": "Nigeria's only state bordering three countries, second largest in area, and epicenter of the Boko Haram insurgency since 2009.", "i": "https://codexery.com/nigerian-states/img/nigerian-states/borno-state.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Borno State · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/e/revolutionary-leaders-and-activists/osama-bin-laden/": {"t": "Osama bin Laden", "s": "Founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda"}, "https://codexery.com/cities-and-urban-areas/e/cities-and-urban-areas/brazzaville/": {"t": "Brazzaville", "s": "Capital of the Republic of the Congo, facing Kinshasa across the Congo River."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/e/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer/": {"t": "Lung cancer", "s": "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally.", "i": "https://codexery.com/types-of-cancer/img/types-of-cancer/lung-cancer.webp", "c": "Modificado de OpenStax College · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/medical-procedures-and-treatments/e/medical-procedures-and-treatments/therapy/": {"t": "Therapy", "s": "Therapy is the attempted remediation of a health problem."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacology/": {"t": "Pharmacology", "s": "Science of drugs and their interactions with biological systems."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/aspirin/": {"t": "Aspirin", "s": "A widely used NSAID with antithrombotic properties."}, "https://codexery.com/physiology-medicine/e/physiology-and-medicine/analgesic/": {"t": "Analgesic", "s": "Drugs used for pain management, distinct from anesthetics."}, "https://codexery.com/animal-anatomy/e/animal-anatomy/circulatory-system/": {"t": "Circulatory system", "s": "A closed network of heart, blood, and vessels."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/avicenna/": {"t": "Avicenna", "s": "Preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic Golden Age."}, "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/e/asian-cities/bukhara/": {"t": "Bukhara", "s": "Ancient Silk Road city and center of Islamic scholarship.", "i": "https://codexery.com/asian-cities/img/asian-cities/bukhara.webp", "c": "Olim Guli · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/general-health-and-wellness/breastfeeding/": {"t": "Breastfeeding", "s": "Breastfeeding provides essential nutrition and immune benefits to infants and mothers."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/gastroenteritis/": {"t": "Gastroenteritis", "s": "Inflammation of the stomach and intestines causing diarrhea and vomiting."}, "https://codexery.com/cardiovascular-blood/e/cardiovascular-and-blood/cardiovascular-disease/": {"t": "Cardiovascular disease", "s": "Cardiovascular disease is the top global killer, largely preventable."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-conditions/e/medical-conditions/hypertension/": {"t": "Hypertension", "s": "Persistently elevated arterial blood pressure, often symptomless, causing major health risks."}, "https://codexery.com/surgery-trauma/e/surgery-and-trauma/breast-cancer/": {"t": "Breast cancer", "s": "A cancer from breast tissue; leading cancer in women."}, "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/e/states-and-regions/quebec/": {"t": "Quebec", "s": "Canada's largest province, heart of Francophone culture in North America.", "i": "https://codexery.com/states-and-regions/img/states-and-regions/quebec.webp", "c": "Wilfredor · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/social-issues/e/social-issues/national-health-service/": {"t": "National Health Service", "s": "Four publicly funded healthcare systems serving the United Kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/education-schools/e/education-and-schools/new-york-university/": {"t": "New York University", "s": "A private research university in New York City, founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin.", "i": "https://codexery.com/education-schools/img/education-and-schools/new-york-university.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: State University of New York · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/bamako/": {"t": "Bamako", "s": "Capital of Mali, historic trade centre on the Niger River."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/ghana/": {"t": "Ghana", "s": "First Sub-Saharan African colony to achieve sovereignty."}, "https://codexery.com/crusader-kings/e/world/london/": {"t": "London", "s": "Roman Londinium and medieval England's largest town."}, "https://codexery.com/uefa-champions-league/e/history/liverpool/": {"t": "Liverpool", "s": "Six European Cups, an English record.", "i": "https://codexery.com/uefa-champions-league/img/history/liverpool.webp", "c": "Ian S · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pandemics/e/pandemics/covid-19-pandemic/": {"t": "COVID-19 pandemic", "s": "Global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, beginning in late 2019."}, "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/e/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university/": {"t": "Harvard University", "s": "Oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/universities-and-colleges/img/universities-and-colleges/harvard-university.webp", "c": "Harvard University · via Wikipedia: Harvard University · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/epidemiology-organizations/e/epidemiology-organizations/epidemic-intelligence-service/": {"t": "Epidemic Intelligence Service", "s": "Two-year field epidemiology training program of the CDC."}, "https://codexery.com/organisations-based-in-rome/e/organisations-based-in-rome/food-and-agriculture-organization/": {"t": "Food and Agriculture Organization", "s": "UN agency leading global efforts to defeat hunger."}, "https://codexery.com/austrian-cuisine/e/austrian-cuisine/codex-alimentarius-austriacus/": {"t": "Codex Alimentarius Austriacus", "s": "A voluntary food codex used by courts and later influencing international standards."}, "https://codexery.com/phytopathology/e/phytopathology/agreement-on-the-application-of-sanitary-and-phytosanitary-measures/": {"t": "Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures", "s": "WTO treaty constraining trade measures for health protection."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/spanish-language/": {"t": "Spanish language", "s": "A global Romance language originating in the Kingdom of Castile."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/russian-language/": {"t": "Russian language", "s": "An East Slavic language of the Indo-European family, native to Russia and widely spoken across Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/general-health-and-wellness/e/general-health-and-wellness/dietary-supplement/": {"t": "Dietary supplement", "s": "Manufactured products intended to supplement the diet with nutrients."}, "https://codexery.com/biopiracy/e/biopiracy/vandana-shiva/": {"t": "Vandana Shiva", "s": "Indian scholar and activist against biopiracy and GMOs.", "i": "https://codexery.com/biopiracy/img/biopiracy/vandana-shiva.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Vandana Shiva · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/international-organizations-and-agreemen/e/international-organizations-and-agreements/international-monetary-fund/": {"t": "International Monetary Fund", "s": "International financial institution fostering global monetary cooperation and stability."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine/": {"t": "Alternative medicine", "s": "Practices claiming healing effects without scientific evidence or plausibility.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/alternative-medicine.webp", "c": "FBenjr123 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/psychoactive-drug/": {"t": "Psychoactive drug", "s": "Substances that alter brain function and consciousness across cultures."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/barbiturate/": {"t": "Barbiturate", "s": "Depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid, used medically and recreationally."}, "https://codexery.com/hallucinations/e/hallucinations/psychedelic-drug/": {"t": "Psychedelic drug", "s": "Classic hallucinogens that alter perception and cognition via serotonin receptors."}, "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/e/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug/": {"t": "Cannabis (drug)", "s": "A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant, used for millennia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/traditional-alternative-medicine/img/traditional-and-alternative-medicine/cannabis-drug.webp", "c": "RoodyAlien · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices/e/herbs-and-spices/coca/": {"t": "Coca", "s": "The sacred leaf of the Andes, chewed for millennia as a mild stimulant and cultural cornerstone.", "i": "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices/img/herbs-and-spices/coca.webp", "c": "Ralf Roletschek · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/opium/": {"t": "Opium", "s": "Dried latex from opium poppy, used for millennia."}, "https://codexery.com/herbs-spices/e/herbs-and-spices/papaver-somniferum/": {"t": "Papaver somniferum", "s": "Source of opium and poppy seeds, widely naturalised."}, "https://codexery.com/biopiracy/e/biopiracy/cannabis/": {"t": "Cannabis", "s": "A disputed genus of plants used for fiber, medicine, and recreation."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/stimulant/": {"t": "Stimulant", "s": "A class of drugs that increase alertness and sympathetic nervous system activity."}, "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/e/international-law-and-diplomacy/secretary-general-of-the-united-nations/": {"t": "Secretary-General of the United Nations", "s": "The de facto head of the United Nations, overseeing the Secretariat and acting as the Security Council's executive.", "i": "https://codexery.com/international-law-diplomacy/img/international-law-and-diplomacy/secretary-general-of-the-united-nations.webp", "c": "DFID - UK Department for International Development · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/equatorial-guinea/": {"t": "Equatorial Guinea", "s": "The Nzalang Nacional, a team that has never qualified for the World Cup but has made a mark in the Africa Cup of Nations.", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/img/countries-and-territories/equatorial-guinea.webp", "c": "See File history below for details. · via Wikipedia: Equatorial Guinea · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/south-sudan/": {"t": "South Sudan", "s": "South Sudan, officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked nation in East Africa, bordered by Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, the Democratic Republic ", "i": "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/img/countries-and-territories/south-sudan.webp", "c": "Achim1999 · via Wikipedia: South Sudan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/hallucinogen/": {"t": "Hallucinogen", "s": "A diverse class of drugs inducing altered perception and mood."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/ephedrine/": {"t": "Ephedrine", "s": "A CNS stimulant used for anesthesia and historically for asthma."}, "https://codexery.com/german-inventions/e/german-inventions/amphetamine/": {"t": "Amphetamine", "s": "CNS stimulant used for ADHD, narcolepsy, and binge eating disorder."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/mdma/": {"t": "MDMA", "s": "Entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-drugs/e/medications-and-drugs/nicotine/": {"t": "Nicotine", "s": "Stimulant alkaloid from tobacco; highly addictive."}, "https://codexery.com/medications-and-pharmacology/e/medications-and-pharmacology/psilocybin/": {"t": "Psilocybin", "s": "Naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid with therapeutic potential."}, "/e/world-health-organization/access-to-covid-19-tools-accelerator/": {"t": "Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator", "s": "Multinational collaboration for equitable COVID-19 tools access."}, "https://codexery.com/corporations/e/corporations/pfizer/": {"t": "Pfizer", "s": "An American multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporation headquartered at The Spiral in Manhattan."}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/accra/": {"t": "Accra", "s": "Capital of Ghana, on the Gulf of Guinea"}, "https://codexery.com/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/e/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/zipline-drone-delivery-company/": {"t": "Zipline (drone delivery company)", "s": "Autonomous drone delivery company operating in Africa, Japan, and the United States.", "i": "https://codexery.com/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/img/unmanned-aerial-vehicles/zipline-drone-delivery-company.webp", "c": "Dennis G. Jarvis · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/capital-cities-of-africa/e/capital-cities-of-africa/abidjan/": {"t": "Abidjan", "s": "Economic capital of Ivory Coast"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/mumbai/": {"t": "Mumbai", "s": "Financial and entertainment capital of India, built on seven islands."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-pioneers/e/medical-pioneers/anthony-fauci/": {"t": "Anthony Fauci", "s": "Physician-scientist and immunologist who led NIAID for 38 years and advised seven U.S. presidents."}, "https://codexery.com/internet-culture-and-platforms/e/internet-culture-and-platforms/facebook/": {"t": "Facebook", "s": "American social networking service owned by Meta Platforms."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/almaty/": {"t": "Almaty", "s": "Largest city in Kazakhstan, former capital, and cultural hub."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/italy/": {"t": "Italy", "s": "A cultural superpower with the eighth-largest economy and the most UNESCO sites."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-and-deviance/e/crime-and-deviance/sex-trafficking/": {"t": "Sex trafficking", "s": "A form of modern slavery for sexual exploitation."}, "https://codexery.com/addiction/e/addiction/harm-reduction/": {"t": "Harm reduction", "s": "Policies reducing harm without requiring abstinence from behavior."}, "https://codexery.com/hiv-aids-organizations/e/hiv-aids-organizations/joint-united-nations-programme-on-hiv-aids/": {"t": "Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS", "s": "Leading global action to end the AIDS pandemic."}, "https://codexery.com/sexual-practices-identities/e/sexual-practices-and-identities/safe-sex/": {"t": "Safe sex", "s": "Reducing risk, not eliminating it."}, "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/e/violence-and-conflict/deportation/": {"t": "Deportation", "s": "State-ordered expulsion of individuals or groups from sovereign territory.", "i": "https://codexery.com/violence-conflict/img/violence-and-conflict/deportation.webp", "c": "Dgho · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/civil-law-and-remedies/e/civil-law-and-remedies/license/": {"t": "License", "s": "A license is a promise not to sue."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/colonialism/": {"t": "Colonialism", "s": "Practice of domination over a territory and its people."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/coastal/amsterdam/": {"t": "Amsterdam", "s": "Venice of the North"}, "https://codexery.com/substance-related-disorders/e/substance-related-disorders/drug-injection/": {"t": "Drug injection", "s": "Introducing drugs into the bloodstream via hypodermic needle."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/human-sexual-activity/": {"t": "Human sexual activity", "s": "Set of activities involving physical intimacy and erotic stimulation."}, "https://codexery.com/infection-control-measures/e/infection-control-measures/needle-sharing/": {"t": "Needle sharing", "s": "Sharing needles spreads blood-borne pathogens among people who inject drugs."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/incarceration/": {"t": "Incarceration", "s": "Restraint of liberty, lawful or not, across history and regions."}, "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/e/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java/": {"t": "East Java", "s": "Land of Majapahit and Bromo", "i": "https://codexery.com/provinces-of-indonesia/img/provinces-of-indonesia/east-java.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Java · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/gonorrhea/": {"t": "Gonorrhea", "s": "A common STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae."}, "https://codexery.com/band-of-brothers/e/world/holland-netherlands/": {"t": "Netherlands", "s": "Holland: Market Garden and 'the Island'."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/landmark-cities/new-york-city/": {"t": "New York City", "s": "The most populous city in the United States, a global center of finance, culture, and diplomacy."}, "https://codexery.com/crime-justice/e/crime-and-justice/punishment/": {"t": "Punishment", "s": "Punishment is an imposed response to norm-breaking."}, "https://codexery.com/relationships-and-human-sexuality/e/relationships-and-human-sexuality/homosexuality/": {"t": "Homosexuality", "s": "A natural variation in human sexuality, documented across history and species."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/judaism/": {"t": "Judaism", "s": "An Abrahamic, monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jewish people."}, "https://codexery.com/religious-traditions/e/religious-traditions/christianity/": {"t": "Christianity", "s": "World's largest religion, centered on Jesus Christ."}, "https://codexery.com/book-of-leviticus/e/book-of-leviticus/leviticus-18/": {"t": "Leviticus 18", "s": "Chapter on forbidden sexual acts and Moloch worship."}, "https://codexery.com/disability/e/disability/disability/": {"t": "Disability", "s": "Disability is a complex social identity shaped by history, theory, and activism."}, "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/e/human-variation-and-health/life-expectancy/": {"t": "Life expectancy", "s": "A statistical measure of average remaining years of life at a given age, most commonly at birth.", "i": "https://codexery.com/human-variation-and-health/img/human-variation-and-health/life-expectancy.webp", "c": "Lady3mlnm · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/ancient-civilizations/e/ancient-civilizations/paleolithic/": {"t": "Paleolithic", "s": "The Old Stone Age: from the first stone tools to the end of the Pleistocene."}, "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/e/economics-and-business/productivity/": {"t": "Productivity", "s": "Productivity measures efficiency of production as output per input.", "i": "https://codexery.com/economics-and-business/img/economics-and-business/productivity.webp", "c": "Monsieur Fou · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cancer/e/cancer/cancer/": {"t": "Cancer", "s": "A group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth with potential to spread."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/recreational-drug-use/": {"t": "Recreational drug use", "s": "Use of psychoactive drugs for pleasure or pastime."}, "https://codexery.com/infection-control-measures/e/infection-control-measures/needle-and-syringe-programmes/": {"t": "Needle and syringe programmes", "s": "Programs providing sterile needles to reduce blood-borne disease transmission."}, "https://codexery.com/addictive-substances-medications/e/addictive-substances-and-medications/codeine/": {"t": "Codeine", "s": "Opiate prodrug of morphine used for pain and cough."}, "https://codexery.com/teratogens/e/teratogens/alcohol-drug/": {"t": "Alcohol (drug)", "s": "A central nervous system depressant and known teratogen."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/prescription-drug/": {"t": "Prescription drug", "s": "Pharmaceutical drugs requiring a medical prescription for legal dispensation."}, "https://codexery.com/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/e/pharmacology-and-therapeutics/pharmacy/": {"t": "Pharmacy", "s": "The science and practice of medication use and patient care."}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-austria-hungary/e/treaties-of-austria-hungary/brussels-conference-act-of-1890/": {"t": "Brussels Conference Act of 1890", "s": "Anti-slavery convention signed in Brussels in 1890."}, "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/e/food-and-drink/alcoholic-beverage/": {"t": "Alcoholic beverage", "s": "From ancient brews to modern spirits: the story of alcohol.", "i": "https://codexery.com/food-and-drink/img/food-and-drink/alcoholic-beverage.webp", "c": "Kurt Kaiser · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/biopiracy/e/biopiracy/cannabis-sativa/": {"t": "Cannabis sativa", "s": "An ancient cultivated plant with diverse industrial, medicinal, and psychoactive uses."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/substance-related-disorders/e/substance-related-disorders/substance-abuse/": {"t": "Substance abuse", "s": "Harmful drug use with physical, social, and psychological consequences."}, "/e/world-health-organization/convention-on-psychotropic-substances/": {"t": "Convention on Psychotropic Substances", "s": "UN treaty controlling psychoactive drugs since 1971."}, "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/e/legal-professions/legal-instrument/": {"t": "Legal instrument", "s": "Formally executed documents evidencing legally enforceable rights or duties.", "i": "https://codexery.com/legal-professions/img/legal-professions/legal-instrument.webp", "c": "Unknown author Unknown author or not provided · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/society-and-culture/e/society-and-culture/organized-crime/": {"t": "Organized crime", "s": "Centralized enterprises profiting from illegal activities and racketeering."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/international-human-rights-law/": {"t": "International human rights law", "s": "Body of law promoting human rights through treaties and custom."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-regions/e/countries-and-regions/north-africa/": {"t": "North Africa", "s": "A region of diverse definitions, ancient civilizations, and deep cultural ties to the Arab world and the Mediterranean."}, "https://codexery.com/peninsulas/e/peninsulas/horn-of-africa/": {"t": "Horn of Africa", "s": "A strategically vital peninsula and cultural crossroads in eastern Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/e/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip/": {"t": "Gaza Strip", "s": "A densely populated Palestinian territory under blockade and conflict.", "i": "https://codexery.com/cultural-and-historical-regions/img/cultural-and-historical-regions/gaza-strip.webp", "c": "TUBS · via Wikipedia: Gaza Strip · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/cultural/cairo/": {"t": "Cairo", "s": "The city of a thousand minarets"}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/english-language/": {"t": "English language", "s": "A West Germanic language that became the world's lingua franca."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-dialects/e/languages-and-dialects/french-language/": {"t": "French language", "s": "A Romance language of the Indo-European family, descended from Vulgar Latin and shaped by Celtic and Frankish influences."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-and-writing-systems/e/languages-and-writing-systems/persian-language/": {"t": "Persian language", "s": "Persian is a Western Iranian language with three standard varieties."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/urdu/": {"t": "Urdu", "s": "Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language and national lingua franca of Pakistan."}, "https://codexery.com/languages-of-the-world/e/languages-of-the-world/somali-language/": {"t": "Somali language", "s": "A Cushitic language spoken by millions across the Horn of Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/former-portuguese-colonies/e/former-portuguese-colonies/angola/": {"t": "Angola", "s": "A southern African nation shaped by Portuguese colonization and civil war."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/guinea-bissau/": {"t": "Guinea-Bissau", "s": "West African nation with a history of kingdoms, colonialism, and instability."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/s-o-tom-and-pr-ncipe/": {"t": "São Tomé and Príncipe", "s": "Island nation, former slave trade hub, now stable democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/cholera/": {"t": "Cholera", "s": "An infection of the small intestine by Vibrio cholerae, causing watery diarrhea and dehydration."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/jawaharlal-nehru/": {"t": "Jawaharlal Nehru", "s": "India's first prime minister and architect of its modern secular democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/soviet-union/": {"t": "Soviet Union", "s": "The world's flagship communist state and a superpower spanning Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/media-and-publishing/e/media-and-publishing/science-journal/": {"t": "Science (journal)", "s": "Peer-reviewed journal of the AAAS, covering all scientific disciplines."}, "https://codexery.com/objects-in-greek-mythology/e/objects-in-greek-mythology/rod-of-asclepius/": {"t": "Rod of Asclepius", "s": "Serpent-entwined rod symbolizing healing and medicine."}, "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/e/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom/": {"t": "Government of the United Kingdom", "s": "Central executive authority of the United Kingdom.", "i": "https://codexery.com/governments-and-political-systems/img/governments-and-political-systems/government-of-the-united-kingdom.webp", "c": "No machine-readable author provided. Nightstallion assumed (based on copyright c · Public domain"}, "/e/world-health-organization/director-general-of-the-world-health-organization/": {"t": "Director-General of the World Health Organization", "s": "Chief executive officer of the World Health Organization."}, "https://codexery.com/viral-infections/e/viral-infections/polio/": {"t": "Polio", "s": "A highly infectious viral disease preventable by vaccination."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/smallpox/": {"t": "Smallpox", "s": "Eradicated viral disease that killed hundreds of millions."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/diphtheria/": {"t": "Diphtheria", "s": "A bacterial infection causing a thick throat membrane; preventable by vaccine."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-diseases/e/infectious-diseases/whooping-cough/": {"t": "Whooping cough", "s": "A highly contagious bacterial disease causing severe coughing fits."}, "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/e/diseases-and-conditions/rotavirus/": {"t": "Rotavirus", "s": "Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in young children worldwide.", "i": "https://codexery.com/diseases-and-conditions/img/diseases-and-conditions/rotavirus.webp", "c": "Bernadeta Dadonaite and Hannah Ritchie · CC BY 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/hpv-vaccine/": {"t": "HPV vaccine", "s": "HPV vaccines prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers."}, "https://codexery.com/infectious-causes-of-cancer/e/infectious-causes-of-cancer/cervical-cancer/": {"t": "Cervical cancer", "s": "Cervical cancer is a preventable HPV-linked cancer of the cervix."}, "/e/world-health-organization/africa-regional-certification-commission/": {"t": "Africa Regional Certification Commission", "s": "Independent body that certified polio eradication in Africa."}, "https://codexery.com/occupational-diseases/e/occupational-diseases/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/": {"t": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease", "s": "A progressive lung disease causing breathing difficulty and airflow obstruction."}}