[{"n": "Winemaking", "u": "/e/winemaking/winemaking/", "s": "Winemaking is the production of wine from fruit fermentation."}, {"n": "Acetic acid bacteria", "u": "/e/winemaking/acetic-acid-bacteria/", "s": "Gram-negative bacteria that oxidize ethanol to produce acetic acid."}, {"n": "Autolysis (alcohol fermentation)", "u": "/e/winemaking/autolysis-alcohol-fermentation/", "s": "Autolysis shapes premium Champagne through yeast lees aging."}, {"n": "Brix", "u": "/e/winemaking/brix/", "s": "A measure of dissolved sugar content based on specific gravity."}, {"n": "Campden tablet", "u": "/e/winemaking/campden-tablet/", "s": "Sulfur-based tablet used to stabilize wine, cider, and beer."}, {"n": "Carbonic maceration", "u": "/e/winemaking/carbonic-maceration/", "s": "Whole grapes fermented in carbon dioxide before crushing."}, {"n": "Chaptalization", "u": "/e/winemaking/chaptalization/", "s": "Adding sugar to must to boost alcohol after fermentation."}, {"n": "Clarification and stabilization of wine", "u": "/e/winemaking/clarification-and-stabilization-of-wine/", "s": "Removing suspended matter to achieve clarity and stability before bottling."}, {"n": "Co-fermentation", "u": "/e/winemaking/co-fermentation/", "s": "Co-fermentation locks in a blend before fermentation begins."}, {"n": "Continuous method", "u": "/e/winemaking/continuous-method/", "s": "Sparkling wine made on the tank, not the bottle."}, {"n": "Dimethyl dicarbonate", "u": "/e/winemaking/dimethyl-dicarbonate/", "s": "Beverage preservative that breaks down into methanol and carbon dioxide."}, {"n": "Enologix", "u": "/e/winemaking/enologix/", "s": "Predictive analytics for luxury winegrowing and market performance."}, {"n": "Fermentation in winemaking", "u": "/e/winemaking/fermentation-in-winemaking/", "s": "Yeast converts grape sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide."}, {"n": "Finings", "u": "/e/winemaking/finings/", "s": "Substances added to beverages to remove unwanted compounds for clarity or flavor."}, {"n": "Glossary of winemaking terms", "u": "/e/winemaking/glossary-of-winemaking-terms/", "s": "A reference compendium of winemaking terms and definitions."}, {"n": "Governo", "u": "/e/winemaking/governo/", "s": "A 14th-century Tuscan technique using dried grapes to restart fermentation."}, {"n": "Grape treading", "u": "/e/winemaking/grape-treading/", "s": "Traditional winemaking method now mostly a recreational festival activity."}, {"n": "Isinglass", "u": "/e/winemaking/isinglass/", "s": "Collagen from fish swim bladders used to clarify beer and wine."}, {"n": "Maceration (wine)", "u": "/e/winemaking/maceration-wine/", "s": "Maceration leaches color, tannins and flavor from grape skins into must."}, {"n": "Malolactic fermentation", "u": "/e/winemaking/malolactic-fermentation/", "s": "A secondary fermentation converting malic acid to softer lactic acid."}, {"n": "Mega Purple", "u": "/e/winemaking/mega-purple/", "s": "A grape concentrate used to standardize color and flavor in wines."}, {"n": "Microoxygenation", "u": "/e/winemaking/microoxygenation/", "s": "Controlled oxygen introduction to improve wine without oxidation faults."}, {"n": "Must", "u": "/e/winemaking/must/", "s": "Freshly crushed grape juice, first step in winemaking."}, {"n": "Must weight", "u": "/e/winemaking/must-weight/", "s": "Must weight measures grape sugar, indicating potential alcohol content."}, {"n": "Oak (wine)", "u": "/e/winemaking/oak-wine/", "s": "Oak shapes wine color, flavor, tannin, and texture."}, {"n": "Pressing (wine)", "u": "/e/winemaking/pressing-wine/", "s": "Pressing extracts juice from grapes, influencing wine style and balance."}, {"n": "Secondary fermentation (wine)", "u": "/e/winemaking/secondary-fermentation-wine/", "s": "A second fermentation period in a different vessel."}, {"n": "Sélection de Grains Nobles", "u": "/e/winemaking/s-lection-de-grains-nobles/", "s": "French term for wines from noble-rot grapes, highest Alsace late-harvest category."}, {"n": "Solera", "u": "/e/winemaking/solera/", "s": "Fractional blending process for consistent aged beverages."}, {"n": "Torulaspora delbrueckii", "u": "/e/winemaking/torulaspora-delbrueckii/", "s": "A ubiquitous yeast used in winemaking to reduce volatile acidity."}, {"n": "Traditional method", "u": "/e/winemaking/traditional-method/", "s": "A bottle-fermentation process that defines classic sparkling wine."}, {"n": "Trifon Zarezan", "u": "/e/winemaking/trifon-zarezan/", "s": "Bulgarian custom honoring Saint Tryphon, marking the start of grape pruning."}, {"n": "Wine production in Odesa Oblast", "u": "/e/winemaking/wine-production-in-odesa-oblast/", "s": "Ukraine's largest wine region, with ancient roots and modern protected designations."}, {"n": "Winepress", "u": "/e/winemaking/winepress/", "s": "A device for extracting juice from crushed grapes under controlled pressure."}, {"n": "Yeast in winemaking", "u": "/e/winemaking/yeast-in-winemaking/", "s": "Yeast converts grape sugar into alcohol, defining wine."}, {"n": "Winemaker", "u": "/e/winemaking/winemaker/", "s": "A winemaker produces wine from grapes through scientific and traditional methods."}, {"n": "Lawrence Bohun", "u": "/e/winemaking/lawrence-bohun/", "s": "English physician and early Jamestown experimental scientist."}, {"n": "Pavol Boriš", "u": "/e/winemaking/pavol-bori/", "s": "Slovak winemaker, author, and organizer of the Koncert mladosti festival."}, {"n": "Pierre Joubert (viticulturalist)", "u": "/e/winemaking/pierre-joubert-viticulturalist/", "s": "Huguenot winemaker who founded villages in South Africa."}, {"n": "Elyakum Ostashinski", "u": "/e/winemaking/elyakum-ostashinski/", "s": "First mayor of Rishon LeZion and longtime director of the Vineyard Association."}, {"n": "Tage Rita", "u": "/e/winemaking/tage-rita/", "s": "India's first Kiwi wine brewer and agricultural engineer from Ziro Valley."}, {"n": "Ernest Singer", "u": "/e/winemaking/ernest-singer/", "s": "Pioneer of dry Koshu wine and first Japanese wine for EU import."}, {"n": "Prudence Ukkonika", "u": "/e/winemaking/prudence-ukkonika/", "s": "Ugandan entrepreneur who turned family tragedy into a wine business."}]