{"https://codexery.com/branches-of-christianity/e/branches-of-christianity/lutheranism/": {"t": "Lutheranism", "s": "A major branch of Protestantism arising from Martin Luther's efforts to reform the Catholic Church."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/5th-army-german-empire/": {"t": "5th Army (German Empire)", "s": "Imperial German field army in World War I."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/bfc-preussen/": {"t": "BFC Preussen", "s": "Berlin football club named for Crown Prince Wilhelm."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/duchess-cecilie-of-mecklenburg-schwerin/": {"t": "Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin", "s": "Last German Crown Princess and wife of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/cecilienhof/": {"t": "Cecilienhof", "s": "Last Hohenzollern palace, site of the 1945 Potsdam Conference."}, "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/e/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire/": {"t": "German Empire", "s": "German Empire from 1871 unification to 1918 revolution.", "i": "https://codexery.com/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasti/img/early-modern-state-formation-and-dynasties/german-empire.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: German Empire · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-prussia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Prussia", "s": "German state that unified Germany and dominated the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/german-revolution-of-1918-1919/e/german-revolution-of-1918-1919/abdication-of-wilhelm-ii/": {"t": "Abdication of Wilhelm II", "s": "Wilhelm II's abdication ended the Hohenzollern dynasty and the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-conflicts/e/modern-conflicts/world-war-i/": {"t": "World War I", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Central Powers, 1914–1918."}, "https://codexery.com/sons-of-emperors/e/sons-of-emperors/prince-adalbert-of-prussia-1884-1948/": {"t": "Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948)", "s": "Third son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor."}, "https://codexery.com/sons-of-emperors/e/sons-of-emperors/prince-august-wilhelm-of-prussia/": {"t": "Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia", "s": "Fourth son of Wilhelm II and Nazi supporter."}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/year-of-the-three-emperors/": {"t": "Year of the Three Emperors", "s": "The year 1888 saw three German emperors in rapid succession."}, "https://codexery.com/sports-and-games/e/sports-and-games/association-football/": {"t": "Association football", "s": "Association football, also called football or soccer, is a team sport where two sides of 11 players each use their feet to move an inflated ball across a pitch."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/l-nderpokal/": {"t": "Länderpokal", "s": "Germany's oldest DFB cup competition, originally the Crown Prince Cup."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/battle-of-verdun/": {"t": "Battle of Verdun", "s": "Longest battle of the First World War on the Western Front."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-of-1917-1923/e/revolutions-of/german-revolution-of-1918-1919/": {"t": "German revolution of 1918–1919", "s": "Revolution that ended the German Empire and founded the Weimar Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/gustav-stresemann/": {"t": "Gustav Stresemann", "s": "Weimar statesman who reconciled Germany with France."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/paul-von-hindenburg/": {"t": "Paul von Hindenburg", "s": "German military officer and statesman, President of Germany from 1925 to 1934."}, "https://codexery.com/castles/e/castles/hohenzollern-castle/": {"t": "Hohenzollern Castle", "s": "Ancestral seat of the House of Hohenzollern, perched atop Mount Hohenzollern."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/philippe-p-tain/": {"t": "Philippe Pétain", "s": "From hero of Verdun to collaborationist ruler of Vichy France."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/berlin/": {"t": "Berlin", "s": "The heart of Europe, a city of culture and history."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/battle-of-the-ardennes/": {"t": "Battle of the Ardennes", "s": "German victory in the first Western Front battle."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/meuse-argonne-offensive/": {"t": "Meuse–Argonne offensive", "s": "Largest and deadliest U.S. campaign of World War I."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/nivelle-offensive/": {"t": "Nivelle offensive", "s": "Franco-British offensive that triggered French Army mutinies."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/france/": {"t": "France", "s": "A global centre of art, science, cuisine and philosophy."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/battle-of-the-hills/": {"t": "Battle of the Hills", "s": "A French offensive in Champagne supporting the Second Battle of the Aisne."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/flanders/": {"t": "Flanders", "s": "Dutch-speaking northern region of Belgium with rich medieval history.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/flanders.webp", "c": "Tom Lemmens · via Wikipedia: Flanders · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/david-lloyd-george/": {"t": "David Lloyd George", "s": "Liberal PM who led Britain through WWI and social reform."}, "https://codexery.com/barrage/e/barrage/battle-of-vimy-ridge/": {"t": "Battle of Vimy Ridge", "s": "Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in a coordinated assault."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/german-spring-offensive/": {"t": "German spring offensive", "s": "A series of German offensives in 1918 that failed to win the war."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars/": {"t": "Napoleonic Wars", "s": "Global conflicts from 1803 to 1815, featuring coalitions against Napoleon and French domination of Europe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/napoleonic-wars.webp", "c": "Ruedi33a · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/second-battle-of-the-aisne/": {"t": "Second Battle of the Aisne", "s": "Failed French offensive that triggered army mutinies and a change in command."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/erich-ludendorff/": {"t": "Erich Ludendorff", "s": "German general and politician who dominated World War I strategy and later promoted nationalist myths.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/erich-ludendorff.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Erich Ludendorff · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/artillery/": {"t": "Artillery", "s": "Ranged weapons launching munitions far beyond infantry firearms."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/": {"t": "Wilhelm, German Crown Prince", "s": "Last German crown prince, World War I commander, and monarchist campaigner."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/carl-von-clausewitz/": {"t": "Carl von Clausewitz", "s": "Prussian officer and theorist of war"}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/brussels/": {"t": "Brussels", "s": "The capital of Belgium and de facto capital of the European Union."}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/henry-john-temple-3rd-viscount-palmerston/": {"t": "Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston", "s": "First Liberal Party prime minister and dominant foreign policy figure"}, "https://codexery.com/dynasties-and-kingdoms/e/dynasties-and-kingdoms/russian-empire/": {"t": "Russian Empire", "s": "Third-largest empire in history, spanning northern Eurasia."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austrian-empire/": {"t": "Austrian Empire", "s": "A multinational great power formed from the Habsburg monarchy in 1804."}, "https://codexery.com/cities-of-the-world/e/cities-of-the-world/antwerp/": {"t": "Antwerp", "s": "Major port, diamond hub, and historic global city in Belgium."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/namur/": {"t": "Namur", "s": "Capital of Wallonia at the confluence of Sambre and Meuse."}, "https://codexery.com/french-regions/e/french-regions/alsace/": {"t": "Alsace", "s": "A border region blending German and French cultures, historically contested."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/helmuth-von-moltke-the-younger/": {"t": "Helmuth von Moltke the Younger", "s": "German general and Chief of the Great German General Staff during the opening months of World War I.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/helmuth-von-moltke-the-younger.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Helmuth von Moltke the Younger · see source"}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/third-battle-of-the-aisne/": {"t": "Third Battle of the Aisne", "s": "German diversionary offensive that nearly reached Paris in 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/french-inventions/e/french-inventions/bayonet/": {"t": "Bayonet", "s": "A blade that turns a firearm into a spear."}, "https://codexery.com/hybrid-martial-arts/e/hybrid-martial-arts/hand-to-hand-combat/": {"t": "Hand-to-hand combat", "s": "Close-range physical combat using weapons or unarmed techniques."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-theology/e/christian-theology/christian-cross/": {"t": "Christian cross", "s": "Symbol of Christianity, representing the crucifixion of Jesus."}, "https://codexery.com/star-symbols/e/star-symbols/star-of-david/": {"t": "Star of David", "s": "Hexagram symbol of Jewish identity and the State of Israel."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/first-battle-of-the-marne/": {"t": "First Battle of the Marne", "s": "The battle that ended Germany's hope of a quick victory."}, "https://codexery.com/cities/e/capitals/washington-d-c/": {"t": "Washington, D.C.", "s": "The federal capital city of the United States, anchored on the Potomac River."}, "https://codexery.com/martin-scorsese/e/world/south-boston/": {"t": "South Boston", "s": "Southie: the Irish Catholic neighborhood where The Departed is set."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/e/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war/": {"t": "Pacific War", "s": "The largest theater of World War II, fought across the Pacific and Asia.", "i": "https://codexery.com/wars-conflicts/img/wars-and-conflicts/pacific-war.webp", "c": "Ensign Emment Regan · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/first-indochina-war/": {"t": "First Indochina War", "s": "A conflict from 1946 to 1954 between France and the Viet Minh, ending with French withdrawal and the division of Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-benedict-xv/": {"t": "Pope Benedict XV", "s": "Pope during World War I, focused on peace and humanitarian aid.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/pope-benedict-xv.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Pope Benedict XV · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/e/european-statesmen-and-prime-ministers/theobald-von-bethmann-hollweg/": {"t": "Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg", "s": "Imperial chancellor of Germany from 1909 to 1917, who oversaw German entry into World War I and sought a 'policy of the diagonal' between conservative and liber"}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/berlin-conference-august-14-1917/": {"t": "Berlin Conference (August 14, 1917)", "s": "German-Austro-Hungarian conference on war aims after the Papal Note."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-bavaria/": {"t": "Kingdom of Bavaria", "s": "A German kingdom ruled by the Wittelsbachs from 1806 to 1918."}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/alsace-lorraine/": {"t": "Alsace–Lorraine", "s": "Imperial territory annexed from France after the Franco-Prussian War."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/meuse/": {"t": "Meuse", "s": "Major European river flowing through France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/meuse.webp", "c": "MOSSOT · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/transportation/e/transportation/maritime-transport/": {"t": "Maritime transport", "s": "Waterborne transport of passengers and cargo, vital to global trade."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/saarland/": {"t": "Saarland", "s": "Small German state with a contested Franco-German history."}, "https://codexery.com/historiography-methods/e/historiography-and-methods/diplomatics/": {"t": "Diplomatics", "s": "Scholarly discipline for authenticating and analyzing historical documents."}, "https://codexery.com/former-empires/e/former-empires/austria-hungary/": {"t": "Austria-Hungary", "s": "A dual monarchy that shaped Central Europe for half a century."}, "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/e/government-and-public-administration/foreign-policy/": {"t": "Foreign policy", "s": "A state's strategies for interacting with other states and entities.", "i": "https://codexery.com/government-public-administration/img/government-and-public-administration/foreign-policy.webp", "c": "U.S. Department of State · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/e/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/curonian-spit/": {"t": "Curonian Spit", "s": "A thin, curved sand-dune spit shared by Lithuania and Russia, home to Europe's highest drifting dunes.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/img/world-heritage-sites-in-russia/curonian-spit.webp", "c": "Syrio · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/german-empire/e/german-empire/mittelafrika/": {"t": "Mittelafrika", "s": "Germany's pre-First World War ambition for a contiguous African empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/livonia/": {"t": "Livonia", "s": "Historical region shaped by crusades, German rule, and Baltic conflicts."}, "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/e/other-european-regions/courland/": {"t": "Courland", "s": "Historical Latvian land named for the Curonian tribe.", "i": "https://codexery.com/other-european-regions/img/other-european-regions/courland.webp", "c": "Daderot · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/e/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea/": {"t": "Baltic Sea", "s": "The world's largest brackish water basin, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by nine countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/img/rivers-and-seas-of-the-world/baltic-sea.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: White Sea–Baltic Canal · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/respiratory-infectious-diseases/e/respiratory-and-infectious-diseases/asthma/": {"t": "Asthma", "s": "A chronic inflammatory airway disease with variable symptoms and no cure."}, "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/e/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii/": {"t": "Edward VII", "s": "King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 1901 to 1910.", "i": "https://codexery.com/royalty-and-heads-of-state/img/royalty-and-heads-of-state/edward-vii.webp", "c": "Author (artist) unknown (work was published in 1888) · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/clothing-and-accessories/e/clothing-and-accessories/jewellery/": {"t": "Jewellery", "s": "Decorative items worn for personal adornment across cultures and history."}, "https://codexery.com/chinese-inventions/e/chinese-inventions/porcelain/": {"t": "Porcelain", "s": "A high-fired ceramic prized for strength, whiteness, and translucence."}, "https://codexery.com/composers/e/great-composers/richard-wagner/": {"t": "Richard Wagner", "s": "German composer who revolutionized opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers/img/great-composers/richard-wagner.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Richard Wagner · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/e/opera-and-musical-theatre/die-meistersinger-von-n-rnberg/": {"t": "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg", "s": "Wagner's only mature comedy, set in historical Nuremberg.", "i": "https://codexery.com/opera-and-musical-theatre/img/opera-and-musical-theatre/die-meistersinger-von-n-rnberg.webp", "c": "Unknown author · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/e/composers-and-musicians/richard-strauss/": {"t": "Richard Strauss", "s": "German composer and conductor of tone poems and operas.", "i": "https://codexery.com/composers-musicians/img/composers-and-musicians/richard-strauss.webp", "c": "Joseph Gaylord Gessford · via Wikipedia: Richard Strauss · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/british-colonisation-in-africa/e/british-colonisation-in-africa/khedivate-of-egypt/": {"t": "Khedivate of Egypt", "s": "Autonomous Ottoman tributary state modernized under Muhammad Ali's dynasty."}, "https://codexery.com/mothers-of-emperors/e/mothers-of-emperors/mary-of-teck/": {"t": "Mary of Teck", "s": "Queen consort of George V and mother of two kings."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/poland/": {"t": "Poland", "s": "A Central European nation with a rich history, from the Piast dynasty to the Solidarity movement."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/e/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland/": {"t": "Invasion of Poland", "s": "Joint invasion that started World War II.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/img/world-war-ii-campaigns-and-atrocities/invasion-of-poland.webp", "c": "The National Archives UK · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/bavaria/": {"t": "Bavaria", "s": "Largest German state, with a history from Celts to kingdom."}, "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/e/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-system/appendicitis/": {"t": "Appendicitis", "s": "Inflammation of the appendix, a common surgical emergency.", "i": "https://codexery.com/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-s/img/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-digestive-system/appendicitis.webp", "c": "CoRus13 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/brandenburg/": {"t": "Brandenburg", "s": "Landlocked German state surrounding Berlin, core of historic Prussia."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/e/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/dessau-w-rlitz-garden-realm/": {"t": "Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm", "s": "Cultural landscape and World Heritage Site in central Germany."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/neoclassical-architecture/": {"t": "Neoclassical architecture", "s": "A return to pure classical forms adapted to modern purposes."}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/e/world-heritage-sites-in-germany/glienicke-palace/": {"t": "Glienicke Palace", "s": "A Neoclassical summer palace on Berlin-Wannsee, designed by Schinkel."}, "https://codexery.com/captains-of-deal-castle/e/captains-of-deal-castle/john-french-1st-earl-of-ypres/": {"t": "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres", "s": "British field marshal and BEF commander in the First World War."}, "https://codexery.com/seas-and-oceans/e/seas-and-oceans/english-channel/": {"t": "English Channel", "s": "The busiest shipping area in the world, separating Southern England from northern France."}, "https://codexery.com/rules-of-chess/e/rules-of-chess/stalemate/": {"t": "Stalemate", "s": "A draw when a player has no legal move and is not in check."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ferdinand-foch/": {"t": "Ferdinand Foch", "s": "Supreme Allied Commander who coordinated the final Allied offensives in 1918.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/ferdinand-foch.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Ferdinand Foch · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/motor-sports/e/motor-sports/grand-prix-motor-racing/": {"t": "Grand Prix motor racing", "s": "Originating in France, Grand Prix racing became the pinnacle of motorsport."}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/franco-prussian-war/": {"t": "Franco-Prussian War", "s": "Conflict that unified Germany and ended French imperial rule."}, "https://codexery.com/political-leaders-revolutionaries/e/political-leaders-and-revolutionaries/charles-de-gaulle/": {"t": "Charles de Gaulle", "s": "French general and statesman who led Free France and founded the Fifth Republic."}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-austria-hungary/e/treaties-of-austria-hungary/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/": {"t": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "s": "Separate peace ending Russia's role in World War I."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/hundred-days-offensive/": {"t": "Hundred Days Offensive", "s": "Allied offensives that ended the First World War."}, "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/e/warfare-and-military-history/attrition-warfare/": {"t": "Attrition warfare", "s": "A strategy of wearing down an opponent through sustained losses.", "i": "https://codexery.com/warfare-military-history/img/warfare-and-military-history/attrition-warfare.webp", "c": "Internet Archive Book Images · No restrictions"}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/douglas-haig-1st-earl-haig/": {"t": "Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig", "s": "British field marshal who commanded the BEF in the First World War.", "i": "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/img/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/douglas-haig-1st-earl-haig.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/european-religious-and-political-conflic/e/european-religious-and-political-conflicts/eighty-years-war/": {"t": "Eighty Years' War", "s": "The Eighty Years' War: A struggle for independence and religious freedom in the Habsburg Netherlands."}, "https://codexery.com/reproduction-development/e/reproduction-and-development/stillbirth/": {"t": "Stillbirth", "s": "Death of a fetus at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy."}, "https://codexery.com/treaties-of-austria-hungary/e/treaties-of-austria-hungary/hague-conventions-of-1899-and-1907/": {"t": "Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907", "s": "First multilateral treaties codifying laws of war."}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/outer-bailey/": {"t": "Outer bailey", "s": "Defended outer enclosure protecting the inner bailey of a castle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/img/castle-architecture/outer-bailey.webp", "c": "Tilman2007 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/picardy/": {"t": "Picardy", "s": "Historical territory in northern France, never a duchy or principality."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/john-monash/": {"t": "John Monash", "s": "Australian military commander and civil engineer"}, "https://codexery.com/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/e/world-heritage-sites-in-belgium/bruges/": {"t": "Bruges", "s": "Capital of West Flanders, historic canal city and UNESCO site."}, "https://codexery.com/team-ball-sports/e/team-ball-sports/football/": {"t": "Football", "s": "A family of team sports using only the body to move a ball."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/spanish-flu/": {"t": "Spanish flu", "s": "A deadly global pandemic misnamed after Spain due to wartime censorship."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/george-c-marshall/": {"t": "George C. Marshall", "s": "Organizer of victory and architect of European recovery"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/leaders/george-s-patton/": {"t": "George S. Patton", "s": "U.S. Army general who led Third Army across Europe in World War II."}, "https://codexery.com/tanks/e/tanks/renault-ft/": {"t": "Renault FT", "s": "First production tank with a fully rotating turret.", "i": "https://codexery.com/tanks/img/tanks/renault-ft.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Renault FT · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/rebellions-against-the-united-states/e/rebellions-against-the-united-states/american-civil-war/": {"t": "American Civil War", "s": "Civil war between the Union and Confederacy over slavery and secession."}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-and-conflicts/e/revolutions-and-conflicts/russian-revolution/": {"t": "Russian Revolution", "s": "A period of revolution and civil war that ended monarchy and established socialist rule."}, "https://codexery.com/egyptian-inventions/e/egyptian-inventions/noria/": {"t": "Noria", "s": "A river-powered wheel lifting water for irrigation and supply."}, "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/e/world-war-ii-topics/reichstag-fire/": {"t": "Reichstag fire", "s": "Arson that enabled Nazi suspension of civil liberties.", "i": "https://codexery.com/world-war-ii-topics/img/world-war-ii-topics/reichstag-fire.webp", "c": "Press photograph by an unidentified photographer, distributed through a news age · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-goebbels/": {"t": "Joseph Goebbels", "s": "Nazi propagandist and Reich Minister of Propaganda."}, "https://codexery.com/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/e/european-prime-ministers-and-statesmen/otto-von-bismarck/": {"t": "Otto von Bismarck", "s": "Prussian statesman who unified Germany and became its first chancellor."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/hermann-g-ring/": {"t": "Hermann Göring", "s": "Nazi leader and convicted war criminal"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/oise-river/": {"t": "Oise (river)", "s": "River linking Paris to northern Europe via inland waterways."}, "https://codexery.com/bolt-action-rifles/e/bolt-action-rifles/m1903-springfield/": {"t": "M1903 Springfield", "s": "Standard U.S. service rifle adopted in 1903, used through Vietnam."}, "https://codexery.com/invertebrates/e/invertebrates/body-louse/": {"t": "Body louse", "s": "A blood-feeding louse that spreads typhus and other diseases."}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/battle-of-belleau-wood/": {"t": "Battle of Belleau Wood", "s": "Major World War I battle involving U.S. forces near the Marne."}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/romania/": {"t": "Romania", "s": "A country at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, rich in history and natural beauty."}, "https://codexery.com/pigeon-breeds/e/pigeon-breeds/homing-pigeon/": {"t": "Homing pigeon", "s": "Selectively bred domestic pigeon used for long-distance message delivery.", "i": "https://codexery.com/pigeon-breeds/img/pigeon-breeds/homing-pigeon.webp", "c": "דר' אבישי טייכר · CC BY 2.5"}, "/e/wilhelm-german-crown-prince/fort-vaux/": {"t": "Fort Vaux", "s": "Fort Vaux fell after a heroic defence by a thirsty garrison."}, "https://codexery.com/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/e/military-commanders-of-the-world-wars/erich-von-falkenhayn/": {"t": "Erich von Falkenhayn", "s": "German general and Ottoman Field Marshal, Chief of the German General Staff."}, "https://codexery.com/international-relations-and-concepts/e/international-relations-and-concepts/hinterland/": {"t": "Hinterland", "s": "The inland region economically tied to a port or city."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/charlemagne/": {"t": "Charlemagne", "s": "Father of Europe"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-events-places/e/historical-events-and-places/peace-of-westphalia/": {"t": "Peace of Westphalia", "s": "The Peace of Westphalia, known in German as the Westfälischer Friede, refers to two separate peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of "}, "https://codexery.com/fifa-world-cup/e/honours/austria/": {"t": "Austria", "s": "A landlocked Central European nation with a rich imperial history and a modern neutral democracy."}, "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/e/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps/": {"t": "Alps", "s": "Major European mountain range spanning eight countries.", "i": "https://codexery.com/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/img/mountains-and-mountain-ranges/alps.webp", "c": "Terra (EOS AM-1) satellite · via Wikipedia: Alps · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/culinary-icons/e/culinary-icons/ferran-adri/": {"t": "Ferran Adrià", "s": "Spanish chef known for deconstructed cuisine and culinary foams."}, "https://codexery.com/designers-and-craftsmen/e/designers-and-craftsmen/william-morris/": {"t": "William Morris", "s": "English textile designer, poet, and socialist activist"}, "https://codexery.com/electrical-systems/e/electrical-systems/electric-generator/": {"t": "Electric generator", "s": "Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for external circuits."}, "https://codexery.com/electromagnetism/e/electromagnetism/direct-current/": {"t": "Direct current", "s": "Direct current flows in one constant direction."}}