{"https://codexery.com/european-regions/e/european-regions/north-rhine-westphalia/": {"t": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "s": "The most populous state in Germany, home to the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area."}, "https://codexery.com/water-castles/e/water-castles/water-castle/": {"t": "Water castle", "s": "A castle type using water as a primary defensive element.", "i": "https://codexery.com/water-castles/img/water-castles/water-castle.webp", "c": "Krzysztof Golik · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/plateaus-and-plains/e/plateaus-and-plains/rhineland/": {"t": "Rhineland", "s": "Loosely defined German region along the Rhine, industrial heartland."}, "https://codexery.com/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roma/e/duchies-and-electorates-of-the-holy-roman-empire/electorate-of-cologne/": {"t": "Electorate of Cologne", "s": "Ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/e/historical-eras/middle-ages/": {"t": "Middle Ages", "s": "The middle epoch between classical antiquity and the modern period.", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-eras/img/historical-eras/middle-ages.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Middle Ages · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/outer-bailey/": {"t": "Outer bailey", "s": "Defended outer enclosure protecting the inner bailey of a castle.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/img/castle-architecture/outer-bailey.webp", "c": "Tilman2007 · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/major-wars/e/major-wars/second-world-war/": {"t": "Second World War", "s": "Global conflict between Allies and Axis, deadliest in history."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/artists/hans-holbein-the-younger/": {"t": "Hans Holbein the Younger", "s": "German painter and printmaker, King's Painter to Henry VIII", "i": "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/img/artists/hans-holbein-the-younger.webp", "c": "Hans Holbein the Younger · via Wikipedia: Hans Holbein the Younger · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/henry-viii/": {"t": "Henry VIII", "s": "King of England (1509–1547) and Ireland (1542–1547), known for his six marriages and the English Reformation."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic architecture", "s": "Medieval architectural style defined by the pointed arch and verticality."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/fortified-house/": {"t": "Fortified house", "s": "A medieval European residence with significant fortifications."}, "https://codexery.com/spanish-inventions/e/spanish-inventions/rib-vault/": {"t": "Rib vault", "s": "Arched ribs support thin panels, enabling lighter, taller structures."}, "https://codexery.com/countries-and-territories/e/countries-and-territories/wallonia/": {"t": "Wallonia", "s": "A region of Belgium with a rich industrial history and a diversified modern economy."}, "https://codexery.com/feathers/e/feathers/quill/": {"t": "Quill", "s": "A writing tool made from a moulted flight feather of a large bird, used before the invention of the dip pen."}, "https://codexery.com/manufacturing-and-materials/e/manufacturing-and-materials/reinforced-concrete/": {"t": "Reinforced concrete", "s": "Composite material compensating concrete's low tensile strength with reinforcement."}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/bailey-castle/": {"t": "Bailey (castle)", "s": "A bailey is a leveled courtyard enclosed by a curtain wall, central to castle layout and defense.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/img/castle-architecture/bailey-castle.webp", "c": "Colin Park · CC BY-SA 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/music-genres-styles/e/music-genres-and-styles/baroque/": {"t": "Baroque", "s": "A Western artistic style flourishing from the early 1600s to 1750s."}, "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/e/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone/": {"t": "Sandstone", "s": "Clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized silicate grains.", "i": "https://codexery.com/geology-earth-surface/img/geology-and-earth-surface/sandstone.webp", "c": "Douglas W. Jones · CC0"}, "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/e/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution/": {"t": "French Revolution", "s": "The 1789–1799 upheaval that toppled the French monarchy and shaped liberal democracy.", "i": "https://codexery.com/revolutions-uprisings/img/revolutions-and-uprisings/french-revolution.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: French Revolution · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/family-relationships/e/family-and-relationships/wedding/": {"t": "Wedding", "s": "A ceremony uniting two people in marriage, with diverse global traditions."}, "https://codexery.com/medical-specialties/e/medical-specialties/psychiatry/": {"t": "Psychiatry", "s": "Medical specialty treating mental disorders via diagnosis and therapy."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/yves-klein/": {"t": "Yves Klein", "s": "French artist and leading member of Nouveau réalisme, pioneer of performance art."}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/andy-warhol/": {"t": "Andy Warhol", "s": "The most important artist of the second half of the 20th century"}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/e/architectural-styles-and-landmarks/gothic-revival-architecture/": {"t": "Gothic Revival architecture", "s": "A movement reviving medieval Gothic architecture in the 19th century."}, "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/e/modern-and-contemporary-artists/joseph-beuys/": {"t": "Joseph Beuys", "s": "German artist and theorist of humanism, Fluxus, and performance art.", "i": "https://codexery.com/modern-contemporary-artists/img/modern-and-contemporary-artists/joseph-beuys.webp", "c": "via Wikipedia: Joseph Beuys · see source"}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/battlement/": {"t": "Battlement", "s": "A parapet with gaps for defense and a symbol of status.", "i": "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/img/castle-architecture/battlement.webp", "c": "Werner Richner · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/literary-giants/e/literary-giants/voltaire/": {"t": "Voltaire", "s": "French Enlightenment writer and advocate of civil liberties"}, "https://codexery.com/sculptors-architects/e/sculptors-and-architects/eduardo-chillida/": {"t": "Eduardo Chillida", "s": "Spanish Basque sculptor of abstract monumental works.", "i": "https://codexery.com/sculptors-architects/img/sculptors-and-architects/eduardo-chillida.webp", "c": "Fondo Marin. Paco Mari · via Wikipedia: Eduardo Chillida · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/states-of-the-german-empire/e/states-of-the-german-empire/kingdom-of-prussia/": {"t": "Kingdom of Prussia", "s": "German state that unified Germany and dominated the German Empire."}, "https://codexery.com/olympic-equestrian-venues/e/olympic-equestrian-venues/palace-of-versailles/": {"t": "Palace of Versailles", "s": "Former royal residence and UNESCO World Heritage site near Paris."}, "https://codexery.com/castles-by-type/e/castles-by-type/motte-and-bailey-castle/": {"t": "Motte-and-bailey castle", "s": "A medieval fortification of mound and courtyard, built with unskilled labour."}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/embrasure/": {"t": "Embrasure", "s": "Opening in fortifications for firing weapons while remaining under cover."}, "https://codexery.com/architectural-styles-and-elements/e/architectural-styles-and-elements/spire/": {"t": "Spire", "s": "A tall, pointed structure atop a building or tower."}, "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/e/construction-and-materials/arch/": {"t": "Arch", "s": "A curved structure spanning an opening, often load-bearing.", "i": "https://codexery.com/construction-materials/img/construction-and-materials/arch.webp", "c": "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/11399912@N00  B0iwehijro2i0-\n]\n\n`1l]] from Davis, CA, USA · via Wikipedia: Arch · CC BY 2.0"}, "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/e/rivers-of-europe/meuse/": {"t": "Meuse", "s": "Major European river flowing through France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers-of-europe/img/rivers-of-europe/meuse.webp", "c": "MOSSOT · CC BY-SA 3.0"}, "https://codexery.com/textile-production/e/textile-production/tapestry/": {"t": "Tapestry", "s": "Hand-woven textile art for figurative images, historically portable and prestigious."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/harpsichord/": {"t": "Harpsichord", "s": "A plucked-keyboard instrument prominent in Renaissance and Baroque music."}, "https://codexery.com/astrology/e/astrology/astrology/": {"t": "Astrology", "s": "Divinatory practice interpreting celestial positions to discern earthly events."}, "https://codexery.com/orchestral-instruments/e/orchestral-instruments/organ-music/": {"t": "Organ (music)", "s": "A keyboard instrument with pipes or electronic sound generation."}, "https://codexery.com/instruments/e/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ/": {"t": "The Pipe organ", "s": "A wind-driven keyboard instrument with ancient Greek origins.", "i": "https://codexery.com/instruments/img/musical-instruments/the-pipe-organ.webp", "c": "Ermell · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/mythological-rapists/e/mythological-rapists/neptune-mythology/": {"t": "Neptune (mythology)", "s": "Roman god of freshwater and the sea."}, "https://codexery.com/non-timber-forest-products/e/non-timber-forest-products/game-hunting/": {"t": "Game (hunting)", "s": "Wild animals hunted for meat, sport, or trophies."}, "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/e/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/martin-of-tours/": {"t": "Martin of Tours", "s": "Third bishop of Tours, patron saint of the French Third Republic.", "i": "https://codexery.com/christian-saints-early-church-fathers/img/christian-saints-and-early-church-fathers/martin-of-tours.webp", "c": "Simone Martini · via Wikipedia: Martin of Tours · Public domain"}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/rococo/": {"t": "Rococo", "s": "The ornate, asymmetrical style that emerged in 1730s France as a reaction to the Louis XIV style."}, "https://codexery.com/art-movements/e/art-movements/classicism/": {"t": "Classicism", "s": "An aesthetic attitude valuing form, proportion, and restraint from classical antiquity."}, "https://codexery.com/rivers/e/rivers/rhine/": {"t": "Rhine", "s": "Europe's second-longest river, flowing from the Swiss Alps to the North Sea.", "i": "https://codexery.com/rivers/img/rivers/rhine.webp", "c": "Sdkb · CC BY-SA 4.0"}, "https://codexery.com/historical-figures/e/notable/joseph-goebbels/": {"t": "Joseph Goebbels", "s": "Nazi propagandist and Reich Minister of Propaganda."}, "https://codexery.com/castle-architecture/e/castle-architecture/drawbridge/": {"t": "Drawbridge", "s": "A defensive bridge raised to deny entry to attackers."}, "https://codexery.com/painting-visual-arts/e/painting-and-visual-arts/mannerism/": {"t": "Mannerism", "s": "A European style exaggerating High Renaissance ideals into artificial elegance."}, "https://codexery.com/objects-believed-to-protect-from-evil/e/objects-believed-to-protect-from-evil/wolfsangel/": {"t": "Wolfsangel", "s": "A medieval wolf trap turned heraldic and Nazi symbol."}, "https://codexery.com/great-collapses/e/great-collapses/the-thirty-years-war/": {"t": "The Thirty Years' War", "s": "A devastating Central European conflict driven by religion and dynastic rivalry."}, "https://codexery.com/german-states/e/german-states/hesse/": {"t": "Hesse", "s": "Landlocked German state, financial centre Frankfurt, named after the Chatti tribe."}}